Transcript MAH PP - Arizona Geographic Alliance

The Mogollon, the Anasazi,
and the Hohokam
Adaptations and Alterations
Made for Survival
The Mogollon
~1 a.d. – 1450 a.d.
Mogollon Habitat
• Mountain and desert dwellers
• Gila River Country
• Mimbres River
• San Francisco River
Mogollon Habitat
Mountain dwellers
Desert dwellers
blm.gov/az
Mogollon Habitat
Gila River Country
blm.gov/az
Mogollon Habitat
Mimbres & San Francisco Rivers
nmsu.edu
How the Mogollon got food and
other goods
• Hunter-Gatherers
What did they hunt and gather?
• Farmers: corn, beans, squash,
cotton
• Traders What did they trade?
With whom?
How the Mogollon got food and
other goods
Hunter-Gatherers
blm.gov
How the Mogollon got food and
other goods
Corn
Farmers
Squash
blog.usa.gov
www.pecad.fas.usda.gov
How the Mogollon got food and
other goods
Traders
statemuseum.arizona.edu
Mogollon Artifacts
• spear points
• stone knives
• grinding bones (deer, rabbit, squirrel, gopher,
prairie dog, badger, pronghorn and mountain sheep)
Mogollon Artifacts
Spear Points, Stone Knives
statemuseum.arizona.edu
Mogollon Artifacts
Bones
blm.gov
More Artifacts
• Pottery
Brown or red before 900 a.d.
Mimbres (black on white) in 900 a.d.
• Stone axes ground on 3 sides
• Shell pendants, bone hairpins
Artifacts
Mimbres Pottery
Blm.gov
statemuseum.arizona.edu
Nps.gov
Artifacts
Stone Axes
Nps.gov
Artifacts
Shell Pendants, Hair Pins
statemuseum.arizona.edu
Mogollon Adaptations and Alterations
1. Totally relied on environment
2. Followed seasons
Mogollon Adaptations and Alterations
May have left area due to climate
change or drought which would
lead to food shortages
Mogollon Ruins
Gila Cliff Dwelling
Kinishba Pueblo
Grasshopper
Q Ranch Pueblo
Point of Pines Pueblo
Mogollon Ruins
Gila Cliff Dwellings
nps.gov
Mogollon Ruins
Kinishba Pueblo
Nps.gov
The Anasazi
~100 a.d. - 1300 a.d.
Anasazi Habitat
Stone architecture
Cliff dwellings or pueblos
Kiva built in center of plaza
-underground
-for ceremonies
-with benches
Anasazi Habitat
Cliff dwellings or pueblos
nps.gov
How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Farmers: corn or maize, squash
Hunter-Gatherers: rabbit, deer,
prairie dogs
Basket makers
How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Farmers
usda.gov
blog.usa.gov
How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Hunter-Gatherers
blm.gov
How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Basket Makers
Nps.gov
Anasazi Artifacts
•
•
•
•
•
Pottery (learned from the
Mogollon)
Squash gourds for water
Baskets
Stone tools – spear, throwing
stick
Digging sticks
Artifacts
Pottery
Loc.gov
Artifacts
Squash gourds for water
The gourds used to store
water would have looked
something like this.
Nps.gov
Anasazi Artifacts
Baskets
Nps.gov
Anasazi Artifacts
Stone tools
Throwing Sticks
and Spears
Nps.gov
Anasazi Artifacts
Digging Sticks
Can you imagine
using a stick to dig
a hole to plant a
seed in order to get
food?
Anasazi Adaptations and
Alterations
1. Carried water from source to
village
2. Built homes in cliffs for protection
from elements and enemies
3. Built homes facing south for heat
in winter
Anasazi Adaptations and
Alterations
nps.gov
Anasazi Adaptations and
Alterations
What may have happened to
them?
Drought
Enemies invaded
Internal conflict
Anasazi Ruins
• Mesa Verde
• Canyon de Chelly
• Kayenta
Anasazi Ruins
Mesa Verde
usgs.gov
Anasazi Ruins
Canyon de Chelly
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
nasa.gov
The Hohokam
~1 a.d. – 1450 a.d.
Hohokam Habitat
• Sonoran Desert by rivers
• Made homes of ‘jacal’ (adobe)
• Villages built around plaza
Hohokam Habitat
Hohokam
adobe
dwelling
Nps.gov
How the Hohokam got food and
other goods
Farmers: corn, beans, cotton, agave,
and squash
Hunter-Gatherers
How the Hohokam got food and other goods
Farmers
Corn
Cotton
Virginia.gov
usda.gov
Agave
usda.gov
How the Hohokam got food and other goods
Hunter-Gatherers
Blm.gov
Mo.gov
Rabbits
fws.gov
Prairie
dogs
Deer
Hohokam artifacts found
Pottery--Red on Buff
Shell ornaments
Stone tools
Hohokam Artifacts
Pottery – Red on Buff
statemuseum.arizona.edu
Artifacts
Shell ornaments
statemuseum.arizona.edu
Artifacts
Stone tools
statemuseum.arizona.edu
Hohokam Adaptations and Alterations
1. Moved from desert in summer to
foothills, then back to desert in
winter
2. Built over 300 miles of canals to
irrigate crops
Hohokam Adaptations and Alterations
Canal system--Old and New
waterhistory.org
Adaptations and Alterations
May have left due to:
drought
floods
climate change
Hohokam Ruins
Casa Grande
Snaketown
Hohokam Ruins
Casa Grande
nps.gov
Hohokam Ruins
Snaketown
statemuseum.arizona.edu