Transcript music_history_overview ADAPTED 2015

Middle Ages / Medieval
450 – 1450
Sacred Music
• Mostly vocal music until 1100
• After 1100, the church allowed instruments to be played.
• The organ was the most popular then.
• Most notated music was sacred
– Why? The church had control over learning.
• Most composers were anonymous because they were taught
that it was wrong to take credit and brag about their works.
They were taught that God would be unhappy with them.
Middle Ages / Medieval
•
•
•
•
450 – 1450
Secular music – non-religious
Troubadours traveled the country, singing
their love songs.
They used drums, bagpipes, harps, and
recorders.
Why do you think they didn’t notate their
music?
Middle Ages / Medieval
• Gregorian Chant: The earliest music of the
Middle Ages was sung slowly and without
rhythm or harmony. Everyone sang the same
thing.
• These tunes are also called Gregorian Chant,
which were named after Pope Gregory I.
Middle Ages / Medieval
• Polyphony: Later on other musical lines were
added, creating harmony. This is also called
polyphonic music.
• This is music for more than one voice and it
appeared during the later Medieval period.
This marked the beginning of harmony.
May 3 Do Now
• Answer these questions in your journals. Try to do
this without using your notes if you can.
1. In the Medieval Period, where did you go to learn?
2. What was a popular church instrument near the end
of this period?
3. Who traveled singing love songs?
4. What type of songs are slow, without rhythm or
harmony?
Name___________________________________________________ Period ________
Essential Question of the Lesson: What are the characteristics of music from the Renaissance time period?
Directions: Determine whether each statement is true or false and mark your answer in the column marked Before.
Before
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
After
_____
1. During the Renaissance, the middle and upper class hired
tutors to educate their children.
_____
2. Polyphonic music is when everyone performs the same
melody and rhythms at the same time.
_____
3. Chordal music is when the harmony and voice parts move
at the same time in chords.
_____
4. A madrigal is a non-religious (secular) song that people
sing and is often a love song.
_____
5. A motet is a non-religious song that people sing.
_____
6. A mass is a religious (sacred) song that people sing.
_____
7. The lute is a popular instrument during the Renaissance.
_____
8. Instrumental music was mostly for singing and dancing
during the Renaissance.
_____
9. Palestrina was the worst composer from the Renaissance.
Renaissance
• Renaissance means “rebirth”- in this case, it
was a rebirth of Greek and Roman culture.
• It lasted from 1450-1600.
• The middle and upper classes hired people to
educate their children.
• The printing press was invented and
popularized the music of great composers.
Renaissance Music
• Most Renaissance music is polyphonic – two
or more voices being heard with different
rhythms.
• Near the end of the Renaissance, chordal
music appeared. The voices moved together
in chords.
Here are some questions
• What does Renaissance mean?
• What was invented that popularized the music
of great composers?
• What does it mean for music to be polyphonic
in the Renaissance time period?
Vocal A Capella Music
• Madrigals - These song forms were performed in
groups of four, five, or six singers. A madrigal is
secular music and were usually love songs.
• Motets - a polyphonic work with four or five voice
parts singing one religious Latin text.
• Mass - follows the religious service of the Catholic
Church and is sung in a very specific order: Kyrie,
Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Benedictus, and Agnus Dei. It
is performed in Latin.
Instrumental Music
• There was a growth in instrumental music,
especially the lute and keyboard. The most
popular instrument of the Renaissance was
the lute.
• Most instrumental music was written for
singing and dancing.
Let’s answer these.
• What were the three kinds of a capella music?
Which one follows the religious service of the
Catholic Church?
• What was the most popular instrument in the
Renaissance time period?
• Palestrina’s music
shows pitch and
rhythm.
• He was Italian and
wrote mostly religious
works.
• He is considered one of
the great masters of
Renaissance music.
• He wrote motets,
madrigals, and masses.
8th Grade Do Now, May 5
• Answer these questions in your journals. Use
sentences! Try to do this without using your notes if
you can. Then, finish the true/false paper in the
“After” column from yesterday.
1. What does Renaissance mean?
2. When two or more voices are singing different
rhythms, what is that called? Kyrie was an example of
this.
3. Out of madrigals, motets, and masses, which is NOT
religious?
4. What two things was instrumental music used for in
the Renaissance?
5. Who was a great Renaissance composer?
Baroque Activitation
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CTVraVgz
C9U
• Organ – Bach
Name___________________________________________________ Period ________
Essential Question of the Lesson: What are the characteristics of music from the Renaissance time period?
Directions: Determine whether each statement is true or false and mark your answer in the column marked Before.
Before
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
After
_____
1. During the Renaissance, the middle and upper class hired
tutors to educate their children.
_____
2. Polyphonic music is when everyone performs the same
melody and rhythms at the same time.
_____
3. Chordal music is when the harmony and voice parts move
at the same time in chords.
_____
4. A madrigal is a non-religious (secular) song that people
sing and is often a love song.
_____
5. A motet is a non-religious song that people sing.
_____
6. A mass is a religious (sacred) song that people sing.
_____
7. The lute is a popular instrument during the Renaissance.
_____
8. Instrumental music was mostly for singing and dancing
during the Renaissance.
_____
9. Palestrina was the worst composer from the Renaissance.
Baroque
• 1600-1750
• Baroque refers to highly decorated music and
art.
• Unity – repeating rhythms and melodic
patterns
• Sudden dynamic and tempo changes
• Music was ornamented and improvised.
Baroque Music
• Orchestras begin to form
• Opera develops
• Was written for and heard only by kings and
nobility and the Church
• Venice, Italy was the center of Baroque music
• Harpsichord was more popular than the
piano.
Some Questions
• What two things could drastically change in
music from the Baroque period?
• What musical group began to form?
• Where was the center of Baroque music?
Fugue
• The subject is stated by the first voice.
• The other voices then enter imitating the
same subject, one at a time.
• The voices alternate subject and answer.
What about this?
• What form of music had a theme or subject
that was repeated by different voices at
different times?
• How is this different from a round?
May 5 Do Now
• Answer these questions in your journals. Try to do
this without using your notes if you can. Use
sentences!
1. In the Baroque period, there were extreme changes
in what two musical elements?
2. What musical group began to form during the
Baroque period?
3. What type of vocal music was being developed
during this period?
4. What was the popular keyboard instrument during
the Baroque period?
Classical Activation
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKhH2hR
a-WQ
• Mozart Clip
Classical Period
• The Classical period began around 1750 and
lasted until 1830.
• This was when Benjamin Franklin was
discovering electricity.
• This was also when the United States was
being founded.
Music of the Classical Period
• Music was simpler to play than Baroque
music.
• Music was written for everyone.
• Common people began attending concerts.
• Emotions were controlled in the music.
• There were not extremes in tempo, dynamics,
etc. like in the Baroque period.
Some Questions
• Was the music simpler or more complex in the
Classical time period than the music in the
Baroque time period?
• What were the emotions in the music like?
Classical Music
• A symphony usually has 3 or 4 movements
and uses the entire orchestra.
• Orchestras were small, around 40 people, at
the beginning of this period. They grew larger
near the end.
• Rondo form, ABACA, was commonly used. It
alternates between one main themes and
contrasting themes.
Can you answer this?
• How many movements did symphonies
normally have?
• Did the orchestras grow in size or shrink
towards the end of the time period?
• What form was commonly used in the
Classical time period?
Romantic Period
• The Romantic period began around 1830 and
ended around 1900.
• Yes, there was some overlap between the
classical period and romantic period.
• In fact, Beethoven bridged the two periods
during his lifetime.
Romantic Music
• Program music tells a story or describes something.
• Music is filled with passion and drama.
• Composers used music to overwhelm listeners with
emotion, writing sad, sweeping pieces about love
and heartbreak and magical fantasies about goblins,
witches, and swans.
• The orchestra is arranged as we know it and was led
by a conductor with a baton.
• The most popular instrument was the piano.
Can you answer these?
• Who bridged the Classical and Romantic time
periods?
• What is program music?
• What was the most popular instrument?
8th Grade Do Now, Sept. 22
• Answer these questions in your journals. Try
to do this without using your notes if you can.
1. Who bridged the gap between Classical and
Romantic music?
2. In the Romantic period, music is filled with
what and what?
3. What is program music?
Modern Activiation
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ce4TCth0
gGM&feature=PlayList&p=0C7DE3935191D7D
6&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=1
• John Cage Piano Sonata X for prepared piano
Modern Period
1900 – Present
Modern Review
•
•
•
•
A time of musical experimentation
Electronic music becomes a main focus
Atonality – Music without a tonal center
Broken into Currents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Neoclassical
Serialism
Minimalism
Electronic
The End
• This ends our journey through the different
time periods of music history.
• This does not include current musical styles
from across the world, including popular
music of our own country.
Music History Word Splash
• Using as many words here as possible, write a
letter to the students in the next rotation
about what you learned about music history.
Baroque
Sacred
Madrigal
Renaissance
Unison
Secular
Beethoven
Modern
Program music
Gregorian Chant
Tone Row
Fugue
Medieval
Minimalism
Romantic
Chordal
Polyphonic
Motet
Rondo
Classical
Mass
Serialism