Transcript Sentences
Hochman Method (Sentences) TAPCo - 2016-2017 Starting with “the why” Many of our students: ★ Lack organizational skills ★ Are unable to empathize (see another perspective) ★ Have trouble discerning important info from details ★ Have too much knowledge to sift through ★ Have trouble sustaining focus, attention, and effort ★ Have trouble with syntax and grammar (complex or interesting sentences) An Overview of the Hochman Method The three areas of concentration: ★ Sentences (today 9/6/2016 we will begin with a few examples) ○ (going over the basic structures of writing-- leading to more exciting writing) ○ Using sentence fragments and kernel sentences to make complex sentences ★ Paragraphs (leading to Essays) (in future meetings and PDs) ○ Especially organizing their ideas into the use of a “quick outline” as a requirement before writing essays ★ Notetaking (to be discussed in future meetings and PDs) ○ So they don’t write down every word on a powerpoint slide Sentence Activities Sentence / Fragment Scrambled Sentences Sentence types Because / But / So Subordinating Conjunctions Appositives Sentence work comes from an anticipation of audience and purpose Audience : writing a note to my wife would be written in fragments while a note to the mayor of New York would be different. The writing revolution stresses the written work as it is different from oral communication Purpose : not only the author needs to define the purpose for writing but also the reader needs to learn how to recognize the purpose of the text. Activity #1: Sentence Fragments What: Students identify and complete sentence fragments related to content Why: teaches and improves sentence level writing Defining fragments A group of words that is not a grammatically complete sentence. Usually a fragment lacks a subject, verb or both or is a dependent clause that is not attached to an independent clause. Fragments: Subjects & Predicates Faced many hardships Wanted New Netherlands to be an English Colony Sat on the mat Fragments: Prepositional Phrases Between the Quakers and the Indians Into the boat At the school Fragments or Sentences? _____ a political map _____ where people live _____ a legend on a map explains what the symbol means _____ on a physical map _____ air temperature and precipitation can be represented on a climate map Practice : Maps Directions: Change the sentence fragments into complete sentences, using correct capitalization and punctuation. 1) A political map _______________________________________________________ 2) On a physical map _______________________________________________________ 3) Where people live _______________________________________________________ Activity #2: but/because/so What: Students complete sentence fragments with conjunctions but, because, and so on same topic provided by teacher Why: Facilitates elaboration on ideas because -tells why but -change of direction so -cause and effect For Example... Hammurabi created a written code of laws… Hammurabi created a written code of laws because _______________________ ________________________________________________________________. Hammurabi created a written code of laws, but __________________________ ________________________________________________________________. Hammurabi created a written code of laws, so ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________. Social Studies Hammurabi created a written code of laws… Hammurabi created a written code of laws because he wanted order in Babylon. Hammurabi created a written code of laws, but they were unfair to the lower class and women. Hammurabi created a written code of laws, so there was a decrease of crime in Babylon. but/because/so Adaptations Vocabulary + Conjunctions insidious / because insidious / but insidious / so For Example... Insidious In Black Boy, the effects of racism are insidious… In Black Boy, the effects of racism are insidious, because ____________________. In Black Boy, the effects of racism are insidious, but ________________________. In Black Boy, the effects of racism are insidious, so ________________________. Activity #3: Appositives What: Students practice creating appositive or appositive phrases in content related sentences provided by teacher Why: encourages students to use more complex writing structure Appositives: a noun or noun phrase placed next to another noun to rename, or explain it more fully ★ Dr. Asaro, a brilliant researcher, published his dissertation. ★ Jack, a talented baseball player, came to the meeting. ○ Support a written language structure as opposed to an oral one ○ Lead to effective topic sentences ○ Provide variety in writing ○ Help the reader by providing more information ○ Improve reading comprehension Two examples of activities with appositives Example #1 : Match the appositives __1. Charlemagne Muslim leader a. A powerful __2. Pope Urban II peasant girl b. A young __3. Joan of Arc Roman Emperor c. the Holy Example #2 : Given the appositive, write a sentence 1. a renewable resource Wind energy, a renewable resource, can produce electricity to power a city. 2. a non-renewable resource Oil, a nonrenewable resource, is used to fuel many machines and automobiles. SAMPLE ACTIVITIES Sentence Fragment - Math Example Directions: Write S if the words form a complete sentence. Capitalize and punctuate the sentences. Write F if the words are a sentence fragment. Change the fragments into complete sentences. 1) _____ can be expressed as a fraction or ratio _____________________________________________________________ 2) _____ rational numbers _____________________________________________________________ Sentence Fragment - ELA Example Directions: Write S if the words form a complete sentence. Capitalize and punctuate the sentences. Write F if the words are a sentence fragment. Change the fragments into complete sentences. 1) _____ the town of macomb _____________________________________________________________ 2) _____ does not remember her mother well _____________________________________________________________ 3) _____ atticus finch is a lawyer _____________________________________________________________ But/Because/So - Science Example Aerobic respiration is similar to anaerobic respiration… Aerobic respiration is similar to anaerobic respiration because both start with glucose and make ATP. Aerobic respiration is similar to anaerobic respiration but anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen. Aerobic respiration is similar to anaerobic respiration so both autotrophs and heterotrophs use aerobic and anaerobic respiration. But/Because/So - Physical Education Stretching increases flexibility… Stretching increases flexibility because it warms up the muscles. Stretching increases flexibility, but many people skip this step before exercising. Stretching increases flexibility, so it is important to remember to stretch before exercise to avoid injury. But/Because/So - Music George Gershwin is considered a musical genius George Gershwin is considered a musical genius because he captured and expressed the spirit of American life in music. George Gershwin is considered a musical genius, but some have criticized him for the structural weaknesses in some of his works. George Gershwin is considered a musical genius, so many composers have tried to emulate his style. But/Because/So - Italian Marco non si siente Marco non si siente perche’ ha mal de gola. Marco non si siente, ma vuole andare alla parita. Marco non si siente, quindi decide di andare in farmacia per comprare una medicina.