An Introduction to Exercise and Sport Physiology
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Transcript An Introduction to Exercise and Sport Physiology
An Introduction to Exercise
and Sport Physiology
Prepared By:
Daniel Guzman
Derek Maxwell
Chapter Overview
Definition
History
Responses to Exercise
Ergometers
Specificity of Exercise Testing
Training Principles
Research Methodology
Definition
Physiology of exercise is made up of both
anatomy and physiology
Anatomy - Study of the body’s structures
Physiology- Study of the body’s functions
Definition
Physiology of Exercise:
Is the study of how the human body adapts
or alters its structures and functions to
physical stress.
History
Early explanations of physiology were either
vague or incorrect
Microscope
History
The Harvard Fatigue Laboratory
Had the greatest impact on Physiology of
Exercise.
Laid the foundation for what is now modern
exercise and physiology
– Nevada desert, Mississippi Delta, White MTN.
Was the mecca of exercise physiology
Responses to Exercise
Acute Response
How the body responds to a bout of exercise
Factors that may alter an acute response
Temperature, humidity
Amount of noise
Food intake
Acute Response Table
Responses to Exercise
Chronic Adaptations
Adaptations the body makes when challenged
with repeated bouts of exercise
Improves exercise capacity and efficiency.
Ergometers
An ergometer is an exercise device that
allows the amount and rate of a persons
physical work to be controlled and
measured.
ergo = work
meter = measure
Types of Ergometers
The Cycle Ergometer
Advantages
– Ease of taking blood pressure and blood sampling
– Amount of work is independent of body weight
Disadvantages
– Legs become fatigued before the rest of the body
– Peak physiological variables are frequently lower than
with other Ergometers
The Treadmill
Advantages
– Doesn’t need to be closely monitored due to the belt
speed
– Adaptability: everyone walks
Disadvantages
– More expensive
– Portability
– When the treadmill requires jogging, taking blood
pressure is difficult
The Swimming Flume
Advantages
– Allows swimmers to accurately simulate their
natural style while being closely observed.
Disadvantages
– Very expensive
Specificity of Exercise Testing
When using an ergometer for testing:
Select an ergometer that most closely
approximates the activity of the given
individual being tested.
Training Principles
Specificity
Disuse
Progressive Overload
Hard/Easy
Periodization
Specificity
Optimal performance in a given activity
Example:
– A swimmer would train by swimming, not by
running.
Disuse
Use it or lose it
Example:
– If a marathon runner stops running, he won’t be
able to run marathons anymore.
Progressive Overload
Increasing your physical capabilities by
loading beyond the point to which you are
normally used to
Example:
– A short distance runner would run slightly longer
distances every week until he can run a
marathon.
Hard/Easy
Incorporate both hard and easy workouts
into your training routine.
Example:
– On a day following a high intensity workout,
prescribe an easy training day so that the body
can rest.
Research Methodology
Research Design
Cross-sectional research design
A large population is tested at the same time.
Physiological differences between groups within
the population are used to estimate change.
Longitudinal Design
Individuals are tested more than once to measure
changes over time.
Research Methodology
Longitudinal studies are generally the most
accurate for studying a problem.
Cross-sectional studies are used usually
when longitudinal studies are not possible.
Chapter Conclusion
Definition
History
Responses to Exercise
Ergometers
Specificity of Exercise Testing
Training Principles
Research Methodology