Transcript First Aid for Divers

First Aid for Divers
Injury to Muscles,
Bones and Joints
Musculo 1
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
First Aid for
Divers
Contents
Anatomy
Sprains and strains
Fractures and dislocations
Musculo 2
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
First Aid for
Divers
Bones and muscles
Skeleton
● bones
● ligaments
● support, protection,
movement
Muscles
● muscle
● tendons
● movement, vital functions
Musculo 3
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
First Aid for
Divers
Sprains & strains
Sprain
● stretching or tearing tissues at
a joint
● pain at joint
● swelling
● bruising and discolouration
(later)
● pain on movement
● inability to move joint
Strain
● overstretching of a muscle
● sudden sharp pain at site of
injury
● swelling in limb muscle
Musculo 4
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
First Aid for
Divers
Treatment
Rest - support in most
comfortable position
Ice bag or cold water
compress
Compression with cotton
wool and bandage
Elevation of injured area
Evacuate to medical aid
Musculo 5
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
First Aid for
Divers
Fracture causes
Break or crack in bone
Direct force
Indirect force
Violent muscular contraction
Musculo 6
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
First Aid for
Divers
Fracture features
Types
● open
● closed
Complications
● associated injuries
○ organs
○ blood vessels
○ tissues
○ nerves
○ spine
● missed injuries
● shock
Musculo 7
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
First Aid for
Divers
Dislocation
Displacement of one or
more bones at a joint
Normal
Treat the same as a fracture
● hard to distinguish anyway
● do not attempt to reset
Musculo 8
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
Dislocated
First Aid for
Divers
Signs & symptoms
Sound
Visible bone ends
Pain
Deformity
Crepitus
Tenderness
Swelling/bruising
Loss of power
Shock
Musculo 9
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
First Aid for
Divers
Treatment
Immobilise where lying
Steady limb until splinted
Support in most comfortable
position
Dress open fracture before
splinting
Transport slowly and deliberately
Don’t miss other less obvious
conditions
Treat for shock
Nil by mouth
Evacuate to medical facility
Musculo 10
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
First Aid for
Divers
Practicalities
Uninjured limbs make good
splints
Splints need length &
rigidity
Padding
Natural hollows
Knots away from injury
Don’t bind too tightly
Raise injury if possible
Musculo 11
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
First Aid for
Divers
Summary
Anatomy
Sprains and strains
Fractures and dislocations
Musculo 12
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009
First Aid for
Divers
Musculo 13
FAD 09 v1.3
Copyright © BSAC 2009