Transcript ElbowInjuries2017

Elbow Injuries
OBJECTIVES
• Describe the basic anatomy of the arm and
elbow.
• Explain common arm and elbow injuries that
occur with athletic participation.
• Identify common signs and symptoms of arm
and elbow injuries.
• Explain common treatment parameters
performed by a CTA for elbow injuries.
The elbow is prone to muscle and
tendon injuries because it is the site
of many muscle attachments.
Normal ROM
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Flexion 0-145
Extension 0-15
Pronation 0-75
Supination 0-85
Anatomy
• Hinge Joint- Moves in
flexion and extension
• 3 Bones – Humerus,
radius and ulna
• Radius allows the
forearm to pronate
and supinate
Ligaments
• A ligament called the joint capsule surrounds the
elbow
• Ulnar Collateral Lig. (Medial Collateral Lig.)Helps stabilize the inside
• Radial Collateral Lig. (Lateral Collateral Lig.)Helps stabilize the outside
• Annular Ligaments- Helps to hold the radius
and ulna together near the elbow joint.
Ligaments of the Elbow
Anatomy Cont.
Muscles
• Triceps perform elbow extension
• Biceps perform elbow flexion
• Wrist flexors attach to the medial epicondyle of
the humerus and run toward the hand and
perform flexion of the wrist
• Wrist extensors attach the later epicondyle of
the humerus and run toward the hand and
perform extension of the wrist.
Muscles of the Elbow
Review
Think-Pair-Share
Types of Elbow Injuries
Many of the injuries that happen to the elbow are
due to overuse.
• Stretching and strengthening-Don’t forget about
the wrist flexors and extensors
• Proper technique
• Proper equipment
• Alter activity and rest after long days of
throwing. Rules protect pitchers in baseball.
Treating Elbow Injuries
Ulnar Collateral Lig. Sprain
– More prone to sprains than other ligaments of the elbow
– Caused by repetitive movements
– Caused by a direct blow
Signs & Symptoms
– Medial elbow pain
– Swelling
Treatment
– PRICE
– Moderate or Severe may need to be splinted
– Strengthen wrist flexors
Radial Collateral Lig. Sprains
Signs & Symptoms
• Same as ulnar except for pain is on the lateral
side
Treatment
– Same as UCL
– Strengthen wrist extensors
Muscle and Tendon Injuries – Most
often caused by either excessive
resistive forces or overuse
Elbow Flexor Strain
Caused by a loaded movement that include the elbow and shoulder
together.
Signs & Symptoms
• Minor strains
• Discomfort at the anterior aspect of the elbow
• Minimal swelling if any
• Weakness when elbow flexion is resisted
• Moderate strains
• Mild to moderate swelling
• Weakness
Treatment
• PRICE until swelling gone
• Mild stretching and strengthening
Elbow Extensor Strain
- Caused by excessive resistance to the triceps muscle
- Can happen when falling and attempt to break the fall
with an outstretched arm
Signs & Symptoms
• Same as Elbow Flexor Strains, pain at posterior side of
the upper arm.
Treatment
• Same as Elbow Flexor Strain
Wrist Flexor Strain
• Caused by excessive resistance during wrist flexion
movement or more commonly from overuse
Signs & Symptoms
• Pain over the medial epicondyle of the humerus or the
front of the forearm
Treatment
• PRICE
• Activity modified
• Mild stretching and strengthening
Wrist Extensor Strains
• Caused by excessive resistance during wrist extension
movements or more commonly from overuse
Signs & Symptoms
• Pain over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Treatment
• PRICE
• Activity Modified
• Mild stretching and strengthening
Review!
Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
• Caused by Poor mechanics
• Overuse
Signs & Symptoms
• Pain over the lateral epicondyle of
the humerus
• Minimal swelling
Treatment
• PRICE
• Limiting activity
• Mild stretching of the extensor
tendons
• Strengthening and endurance of
the muscles
Medial Epicondylitis
(Little League Elbow)
• Not as common
• Caused by repetitive
throwing
Signs & Symptoms
• Pain over the medial
epicondyle of the humerus
Treatment
• Same as Lateral Epicondylitis
Epiphyseal and Avulsion Fractures
• More common on the
medial epicondyle
• Suspect an epiphyseal
injury whenever an
athlete presents with
swelling, pain, and loss
of movement.
• Suspect an avulsion
fracture when there is
sever pain and deformity.
Ulna Dislocation
• The elbow is one of the most
commonly dislocated joints in the
body
• Caused by a violent hyperextension
or a severe blow to the lateral
aspect of the elbow
Signs & Symptoms
• Notice an obvious deformity
Treatment
• Splint in the position found in
• Refer to DR.
Review!