Transcript Cells and tissues

Terminology for Body
Systems
BSBMED201A
Cells and tissues
• cells are basic units of life
• are required for nutrition to the body, supply of
oxygen and removal of waste
• need to be able to reproduce, called mitosis
• tissues are groups of similar cells with
specialised function
• types are epithelial, connective, muscle and
nervous
Cells
Cells and Tissues
• cytologist
• Specialist studying cells
• leucocyte
• white cell
• cytolysis
• cell destruction
• erythrocyte
• red cell
• metabolism
• rate of chemical reaction
• organelle
• structure inside of cell
• homeostasis
• body balance
• hyperplasia
• overgrowth of tissue
Integumentary
• membranes are thin sheets of tissue that
cover body, line cavities and cover organs
• membranes are either epithelial or
synovial
• skin functions are, protection, regulation,
sensation, excretion and vitamin D
synthesis
Skin
Integumentary
• dermatitis
• skin inflammation
• trichology
• study of hair
• dermatologist
• skin specialist
• alopecia
• unusual hair loss
• epithelium
• outer layer of skin
• melanoma
• black tumour
• transdermal
• across the skin
• cyanosis
• condition of blue colour
• epidermal
• on top of the dermis
Skeletal
• living tissue
• bones, joints, ligaments and cartilage
• two parts, the axial and appendicular
skeleton
• functions are, support, protection,
movement, mineral homeostasis, blood
cell production and storage
Skeleton
Muscles
• muscle tissue consists of smooth, cardiac and skeletal
• muscles contract and relax
Musculoskeletal
• arthroscopy
• viewing interior of joint
• arthroplasty
• joint reconstruction
• osteoporosis
• thinning of bone
• osteoarthritis
• bone and joint inflammation
• intramuscular
• into muscle
• myopathy
• muscle disease
• tendonitis
• inflammation of tendon
• chondroplasty
• cartilage reconstruction
• osteomyelitis
• bone marrow infection
Cardiovascular
• heart and blood vessels
• function to deliver a continuous supply of
oxygen and eliminate waste to all cells of
the body
• blood functions are, transportation,
regulation and defence
• blood vessels are arteries, veins and
capillaries
Heart
Cardiovascular
• asystole
• without heart beat
• bradycardia
• slow heart rate
• cardiomyopathy
• heart muscle disease
• electrocardiogram
• recording of electrical activity
of the heart
• hypotension
• low blood pressure
• tachycardia
• rapid heart rate
• thrombosis
• blood clot
Respiratory
• collection of oxygen and disposal of
carbon dioxide
• upper is nose and nasal cavities and
pharynx
• responsible for warming, filtering and
moistening air
• lower is larynx, trachea, bronchi and
bronchioles, alveoli and lungs
Respiratory
Respiratory
• apnoea
• without breath
• bradypnoea
• slow breathing
• bronchospasm
• spasm of bronchi
• laryngitis
• inflammation of larynx
• pharyngitis
• inflammation of pharynx
• pulmonary
• lung
• rhinoplasty
• plastic surgery of the nose
Digestive
• conversion of food into nutrients that can
be used by cells
Consists of:
– mouth
– oropharynx
– oesophagus
– stomach
– small and large intestine
Digestive
Accessory organs are
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teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
Digestive
Digestive
• cholecystitis
• inflammation of gall bladder
• colonoscopy
• viewing of colon with scope
• epigastric
• area above stomach
• gastritis
• inflammation of stomach
• gingivitis
• inflammation of gums
• halitosis
• bad breath
• oesophagitis
• inflammation of oesophagus
Lymphatic
• network of capillaries and vessels
• lymphatic tissue spread throughout the body
• defends the body against disease
Consists of:
– lymphatic capillaries
– lymphatic vessels
– lymphatic nodes
– lymphatic ducts
– lymph
– lymphatic tissue
Lymphatic
Lymphatic
• anaphylaxis
• severe allergic reaction
• antibody
• blood protein to fight invasion
• leucocyte
• white blood cell
• lymphoedema
• swelling due to build up of
lymph
• phagocytosis
• cell that surrounds and eats
invader
• tonsillectomy
• surgical removal of tonsils
• vaccination
• introduction of microorganisms
to induce immunity
Urinary
• waste management
• filtering system
• manufacture of urine
Consists of:
– kidneys
– ureters
– bladder
– urethra
Urinary
Urinary
• cystoscopy
• viewing interior of urinary bladder
• dysuria
• difficult of painful urination
• micturition
• urination
• nephron
• working unit of kidney
• nocturia
• urinating at night
• pyuria
• pus in urine
• renal
• referring to kidneys
Endocrine
• communication system using chemicals called hormones
• endocrine glands are glands that secrete into blood stream
• exocrine glands require a duct to secrete into blood stream
Consists of:
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hypothalamus
pituitary gland
pineal gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
thymus gland
pancreas
adrenal glands
gonads
Endocrine
Endocrine
• diabetes mellitus
• disease caused by dysfunction
of pancreas
• endocrine gland
• secretes straight into blood
stream
• glycosuria
• glucose in urine
• hyperthyroidism
• over active thyroid gland
• polydipsia
• excessive thirst
• hyperglycaemia
• excessive glucose in blood
• endocrinologist
• specialist studying endocrine
system
Nervous
• communication and control centre
• central nervous system consists of brain and
spinal cord
• peripheral nervous system consists of all nerves
• neurons are the specialised nerve cells in the
brain
• neuroglia are nerve cells that look after neurons
Nervous
Nervous
• cephalitis
• inflammation of brain
• cerebrum
• section of brain
• CVA
• cerebrovascular accident
• meningitis
• inflammation of meningies
• neuron
• nerve cell
• neurovascular
• nerves and their blood vessels
• neurology
• study of nervous system
Special senses
• detect specific changes in the environment
• eye-sight
• ear-hearing
• tongue- taste
• nose-smell
Special senses
Special senses
• audiometry
• hearing test
• ENT
• ear, nose and throat
• olfactory
• sense of smell
• opthalmoscope
• instrument for viewing interior of eye
• otitis media
• middle ear infection
• retinopathy
• disease of retina
• rhinitis
• nose infection
Reproductive
• to ensure survival of species
• male and female
• hormone production
• mammary glands
• pregnancy
Reproductive
Reproductive
• antenatal
• before birth
• dysmenorrhoea
• painful menstruation
• gynaecology
• study of women’s reproductive
diseases
• hysterectomy
• surgical removal of uterus
• mastectomy
• surgical removal of breast
• oophorectomy
• surgical removal of ovaries
• prostatectomy
• surgical removal of prostate
gland