Transcript Naming Muscles

 Direction
of the muscle fibers
• Named in reference to an imaginary
line
• Rectus – straight (parallel to line)
• Oblique – at a slant to the line
 Relative Size of the muscle
• Maximus – largest
• Minimus – smallest
• Longus - longest
 Location
of the muscle
• Named for the bone with which they are
associated
 Number of origins
• Bi – two origins
• Tri – three
• Quad - four
 Location
of the muscle’s origin and
insertion
• Example is sternocleidomastoid =
sternum, clavicle, and mastoid (process
of the temporal bone)
 Shape of the muscle
• Deltoid means triangular
 Action of the Muscle
• Flexor, extensor, and adductor
 Circular
– concentric rings, used for
external body organs that need to close
by contracting. Also known as a
sphincter
 Convergent – Converge to a single
insertion tendon. Makes a fanlike or
triangular muscle
 Parallel
– length of fascicles run parallel to
the long axis of the muscle
 Fusiform – Type of parallel that results in a
spindle-shaped muscle with an expanded
belly
 Pennate – feathered pattern. Short fascicles
attach obliquely to a central tendon.
• Unipennate attaches to one tendon
• Bipennate attaches to two tendons
• While multipennate attaches to many tendons
 Frontalis
– Covers frontal bone. Allows you
to raise your eyebrows and wrinkle your
forehead
 Occipitalis – Covers occipital bone and
pulls the scalp posteriorly
 Orbicularis Oculi – circular muscle around
the eye which allows your eyes to close
 Orbicularis Oris – Circular muscle of the
lips, also known as the kissing muscle
 Zygomaticus – Extends from the corner of
the mouth to the cheek bone. Also known
as the smiling muscle
 Buccinator
– Runs horizontally across the
cheek and inserts into the orbicularis
oris. It is also classified as a facial
muscle. Responsible for flattening
cheeks
 Masseter – covers the angle of the jaw
bone. Responsible for closing the jaw by
elevating the mandible
 Temporalis – fanshaped muscle that
covers the temporal bone. It is the
synergist to the masseter
 Platysma
– single sheetlike muscle that
covers the anterolateral neck. Produces a
downward sag of the mouth
 Sternocleidomastoid – a pair of two
headed muscles found on each side of the
neck. If both contract, they flex the neck
and lower your head. If one contracts, it
rotates your head
 (Cranial aponeurosis - Sheetlike tendon
on the top of the skull)
 Pectoralis
Major – large fan-shaped
muscle covering the upper part of the
chest. It is used to adduct and flex the
arm
 Intercostal Muscles – Deep muscles
found between the ribs. They help with
breathing by raising the ribcage.
 Rectus
abdominis – most superficial
abdominal muscle. They flex the vertebral
column, and compress the abdominal
contents during defecation and child birth
 External oblique – Make up lateral walls.
They also flex the vertebral column, rotate
the trunk, and bend it laterally
 Internal oblique – Deep to external, run at a
right angle to them, and perform the same
functions
 Transversus abdominis – Deepest
abdominal muscle and it compress the
abdominal contents
 Trapezuis
– most superficial of these muscles
and resembles a kite. They extend the head as
well as elevate, depress, adduct, and stabilize
the scapula
 Latissimus Dorsi – Covers the lower back and is
responsible for extending and adducting the
humerus
 Erector Spinae – It is composed of the
longissimus, iliocostalis, and spinalis. These
are the main extensors of the back as well as
help control the action of bending over at the
waist
 Deltoid – triangular shaped muscles that form
the shape of the shoulder and are the prime
movers of arm abduction
 Biceps
brachii – “The forearm muscle”
that is the prime mover for flexion and is
used to supinate the forearm
 Brachialis – muscle deep to the bicep that
is used for elbow flexion
 Brachioradialis – a weak arm muscle
 Triceps brachii – the most powerful
prime mover of elbow extension and is
the antagonist of the bicep
 Gluteus
Maximus – “Butt muscle” It is a
powerful hip extensor, especially when power
is needed (jumping and stair climbing)
 Gluteus Medius – Deep to the maximus muscle
and is a hip abductor and stabilizes the hip
during walking
 Iliopsoas – a fused muscle (itiacus and psoas
major) that is the prime mover of hip flexion
and stabilizes upper body from falling
backward while standing
 Adductor muscles – a group of muscles that
adduct the hips together
 Hamstring
Group – Muscle mass of the
posterior thigh that consists of the biceps
femoris, semimembranosus, and the
semitendinosus
 Sartorius – a weak thigh flexor which
helps with crossing your legs
 Quadriceps Group – The muscles that
powerfully extend the knee consists of
the rectus femoris and three vastus
muscles
 Tibialis
Anterior – This dorsiflex and invert
the foot
 Extensor Digitorum Longus – it is the prime
mover of toe extension and is also a
dorsiflexor of the foot
 Fibularis Muscles – composed of the longus,
brevis, and tertius. The group plantar flexes
and everts the foot
 Gastrocnemius – “Calf muscle.” It is the
prime mover for plantar flexion of the foot
 Soleus – also a strong plantar flexor
Take 2
Hamstring Group
 Each
group will be assigned some
muscles.
 You will have a few minutes to come up
with some a “minute to win it” activity to
help other feel the discussed muscles.
 Try not to use ones that waste a lot of
materials (example: the tissue box with
one hand)
I
am going to show a video. As the video
plays, I want your group to stand when
your muscle group is being worked and
sit when your muscles aren’t.