Transcript Introduction to Biomechanics

Introduction to Biomechanics
Chapter 1
Definition of Biomechanics
• Biomechanics is the scientific study of the
mechanics of biological systems.
• Uses mathematics, physics, engineering,
computer science and biology.
• Describes biological materials and the
responses of biological materials to applied
forces and torques.
Athletic Training & Physical Therapy
• Mechanism of
injury
• Forces acting on
a joint
• ACL injury 1970’s
• Knee in a cast
• Open chain
rehabilitation.
Biomechanics & the Workplace
• Overuse injuries - due to repetition not the
level of force.
• Ergonomics professionals teach workers
proper posture & technique to avoid injury.
• Job site and task designed for safety.
Video Analysis 1970 – 1980s
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16 mm film
2-3 week processing
1 hr for 3-4 s of data.
3d analysis
• 1 hr each camera
view.
Photo from: Miller & Nelson, Biomechanics of Sport, p 143,
1973, Lea & Febiger.
High Speed Video Today
Today we use high speed video cameras that are able to track
markers in 3d space with sampling rates of 60 – 2000 fps.
Electromyography (EMG)
• The EMG signal is related to the
activation of the muscle. EMG
can be recorded with surface or
indwelling electrodes.
Measuring Balance or Postural Control
• The CNS maintains
balance using data
from:
– Vestibular
– Vision
– Somatosensory
Force Measurements
• Force plates are
used for:
– Balance
– Walking
– Running
– Landing
– Jumping
Qualitative Movement Analysis
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Teachers and coaches use Dartfish software.
Allows comparison of good and bad trials.
Can calculate angles & displacement.
Can write on the screen over the video image.
http://www.dartfish.com
Professional Biomechanics Organizations
• International Society of Biomechanics
• International Society of Biomechanics in
Sports
• International Society of Electrophysiological
Kinesiology
• International Society for Posture and Gait
Research