Transcript The Skeletal System GCSE Theory 1.2.5

The Skeletal System
GCSE Theory
1.2.5
24.4.2012
In Today’s Lesson
Learning Objectives:
• Can I explain the ranges of movement at a
joint? (B)
• Do I understand what movement each joint
allows? (B)
• Can I apply the joint movement to sporting
examples? (A)
Starter
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOs7h6Z2b
pE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzWvGnrBq
P4
Hinge Joints
• A hinge joint allows the part of the body to
bend (flex), or straighten (extend).
• It works like a hinge at a door, allowing it to
open (extend) and close (flex)
• Sporting example?
• There are two main hinge joints:
• Elbow: allows the arm to flex and extend
• Knee: allows the leg to flex and extend
Joint movements
The hinge joint can allow:
• Flexion (closing of a joint),
• Extension (opening of a joint)
• Slight Rotation (only knee)(moving the joint
in a circle motion).
Activity
Think of at least 5 sporting examples in which
use the hinge joint at either the knee or the
elbow.
Be specific
For example: a basketball player performing a
chest pass is extension at the elbow joint
Ball and Socket Joint
• Ball and sockets are more complex and allow a
lot more movement.
• They allow a lot of movement in many
directions because the ball at the end of the
bone fits into a socket which allows the bone
to swivel in many ways.
• The shoulder and the hip are examples of ball
and socket joints.
Joint Movement
•
•
•
•
The ball and socket joint can allow:
flexion (closing of a joint),
extension (opening of a joint),
adduction (the movement of a limb towards
the centre line of body) ,
• abduction (the movement of a limb away
from the centre line of body)
• rotation(moving the joint in a circle motion).
Activity
Think of at least 5 sporting examples in which
use the ball and socket joint at either hip or
shoulder
Be specific
For example: the shoulder when bowling a
cricket bowl is rotation at the shoulder joint
The Effects of Exercise
• Bones continue to grow and strengthen until
about the age of 18
• Regular exercise and diet helps bones to
develop and become strong
• Exercise can increase:
Bone density (heavier=stronger)
Ligaments (which attach bone to bone)
Tendons (which attach bone to muscle)
Effects of Exercise
• Bones become lighter with age and their
strength is gradually reduced
• This condition is called osteoporosis
• Exercise which strengthens the bones can
prevent or delay this condition
• Weight bearing exercises are good as they put
weight and pressure on certain bones,
increasing their strength.
• Calcium and vitamin D help to increase bone
density
Question Time
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Write in full sentences!!!
What type of joint is at the elbow? (1mark)
Name the three functions of skeletal system.
(3marks)
What exercises reduce the chance of
osteoporosis? (1 mark)
Explain the condition, osteoporosis. (1mark)
What movements can occur at the hip joint?
(5 marks)
Homework
Due in 3rd May!!
Choose an injury from the list:
• Fracture
• Stress fracture
• Dislocation
• Sprain
• Tennis elbow
• Torn cartilage
Explain what this injury is, how this injury could
occur and how to prevent this injury.