Transcript History of Jazz

History of Jazz
Introduction
Jazz represents a merging and melding of many different
peoples and their heritages. During the 1800s in
America's south, music was an integral part of the life of
plantation slaves of African descent. Plantation songs,
spirituals, and field hollers were a part of everyday life -to celebrate, to mourn, to entertain, to commemorate, to
worship, and to accompany the drudgery of work. This
music of the plantations blended with the EuropeanAmerican musical tradition to create the basis for blues,
ragtime, and other musical forms from which jazz
evolved.
The origin of the word “JAZZ”, which was first used to
refer to music in about 1915, are uncertain
Origin
By 1808 the Atlantic slave trade bought
almost half a million Africans to the United
States, mostly to the East-Side New York.
The slaves largely came from West Africa
brought strong tribal musical traditions with
them
Construction in Jazz
STANDARDS
Trio = piano & double bass & drums.
Duet = piano, double bass & wind-instrument.
Solo = musician & his instrument.
Quartet = trio & 1 wind-instrument.
Quintet = trio & 2 wind-instruments.
Sextet = trio & 3 wind-instruments.
Group = trio & wind-instruments & guitar.
Jazz Instruments
Jazz Instruments
PIANO
The piano is a keyboard
instrument distinguished by the
unique set of keys that players
press.
The player can sound a large
number of notes simultaneously
and vary their loudness by
changing the force with which
the keys are struck. A jazz
pianist can provide harmony ,
melody, and rhythm .
Jazz Instruments
DRUMS
Congas
An Afro-Cuban drum with a
tapered or barrel-shaped shell
of as much as 90 cm in height
and a single head of 25 to 30
cm in diameter. The jazz the
conga is played with the fingers
and the hollow palm of the hand
and is generally used alone or
in pairs: when more than one
drum is used the instruments
are of different pitches.
Jazz Instruments
DRUMS
Drum Set
The drum set is a term used to
describe the basic equipment of
the jazz drummer, usually a
combination of percussion
instruments including bass
drum, snare drum, ton-tons, and
cymbals.
Jazz Instruments
DRUMS
Timbales
Are Latin American drums
which are played in pairs.
Timbales have shallow metal
bodies supported on a central
rod. a plastic skin is stretched
very tightly over the drum head.
Timbales are normally played
with thin sticks and have a
metallic, clanging tone. A wide
variety of pitches and tone
colors can be produced by
striking the rim, head, or shell.
Jazz Instruments
DRUMS
Vibraphone
Is a tuned percussion
instrument consisting of a set of
metal bars arranged like a
piano keyboard. Each bar is
suspended over a tube
resonator containing a revolving
vane or metal disc. A footcontrolled sustaining device
works like the sustaining pedal
of the piano
Jazz Instruments
GUITAR
Most all jazz players today use
an electric guitar not an
acoustic guitar, which does not
have integral electrical
components. The two main
kinds of electric guitar are the
hollow bodied (electric-acoustic)
and the solid-bodied.
BANJO
Is a plucked string
instrument with a long
guitar-like neck that was
used in both blues and
ragitme ortinted jazz.
Jazz Instruments
BASS
The bass instruments are
those instruments playing
the lowest part in the musical
system. The most common
instruments are the acoustic
(double) bass (four strings),
and electric bass (guitar,
also 4 strings) and in early
dixieland jazz, the
sousaphone. Bass players
most commonly support the
harmony but can also play
melodically in solos.
Jazz Time Line
1880
1900
Ragtime
1920
1940
Dixieland
The Blues
Big Band:
Early Boom
1960
Bebop
Cool Jazz
1980
2000
Free Jazz
Fusion
Postwar to Present
Latin Jazz (Afro-Cuban and
Brazilian Jazz)
Ragtime: 1890s – 1910s
Emancipation of slaves led to
new opportunities for
education of freedom AfricanAmerican, but strict
segregation meant limited
employment opportunities.
Black musicians provided “lowclass” entertainment at dances
and minstrel shows, and many
marching bands formed.
Black pianist played in bars,
clubs and brothels.
Scott Joplin wrote Maple Leaf
Rag.
New Orleans Music
In New Orleans, many early
jazz performers played in the
brothels and bars of red-light
district around Basin Street
called Story Ville.
Many marching Bands played
at funerals arranged by the
African Americans Community.
Afro-Creole pianist Jelly Role
composed “Jelly Role Blues”
around 1905, that was
published in 1915 as the first
Jazz arrangement in print,
introducing more musicians to
New Orleans style.
Dixieland: 1917 – 1920s
Blues and Ragtime, came
together in the late teens
to early 1920s in New
Orleans, Louisiana to
create a new type of
music called Dixieland
Jazz or New Orleans
Jazz.
As Jazz gained
popularity, it spread north
from New Orleans to
Chicago, New York,
Kansas City, and across
the Midwest to California.
Dixieland: 1917 – 1920s
Dixieland is usually performed
without a vocalist. The music
was characterized by a steady,
often upbeat. This is known as
“two beat style” and gives
music a sound similar to
ragtime.
Dixieland Jazz greats included
trumpets Louis Armstrong ,
pianist Jelly Roll Morton,
trumpeter Bix Beiderbecke,
trombonist Edward “Kid” Ory,
clarinetist Sidney Bechet and
bandleader and trumpeter King
Oliver.
Big Band Music:
Early 1920s – 1930s
Following the rise of Dixieland
jazz in 1920s was a new style
performed by a large ensemble
usually consisting of 10
players or more. These bands
were called “big bands”.
The overall instrumentation
was broken into three groups
of instruments: brass (trumpets
and trombones), reed (saxes,
with players sometimes
doubling on clarinet), and
rhythm section (piano, bass,
drums, guitar and in later
years, vibes).
Big Band Music:
Early 1920s – 1930s
The music performed by big
bands was called swing, a type
of music that people could
dance to easily.
Key figures in developing the
“big” jazz band were
bandleaders and arrangers
such as Count Basie, Cab
Calloway, Fletcher Henderson,
Earl Hines and Duke Ellington.
Later Glemm Miller´s song left
less space for improvisation.
As Swing was also a dance
music it was broadcasted om
the radio “live” coast-to-coast
nightly across America for
many years.
Big Band Music:
Early 1920s – 1930s
Prohibition in the United States
(from 1920 to 1933) banned
the sale of alcoholic drinks,
resulting in illicit speakeasies
becoming lively venues of the
"Jazz Age", an era when
popular music included current
dance songs, novelty songs,
and show tunes.
Jazz started to get a reputation
as being immoral and many
members of the older
generations saw it as
threatening the old values in
culture
Big Band Boom: 1930´s – 1940´s
Big Band music continued to grow in popularity during
the 1930´s and 40´s
Musicians played together in jam sessions after hours at
bars and clubs
Radio Broadcasts spread interest in big band music
bringing it into people's homes.
During the big band boom, leaders and musicians were
as idolized as rock stars are today.
Some of the famous jazz musicians: Glenn Miller, Woody
Herman, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Billy Holiday, Ella
Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra , Joe Williams and Bing
Crosby.
Greatest Latin Jazz Artist
Dizzy Gillespie (Afro Cubop)
2. Stan Getz (Bossa Nova)
3. Joao Gilberto (Bossa Nova)
4. Chano Pozo (Afro Cubop)
5. Arturo Sandoval (Afro Cubop)
6. Antonio Carlos Jobim (Bossa Nova)
7. Chico O'Farrill (Afro Cubop)
8. Poncho Sanchez (All-Around)
9. Machito (Afro Cubop)
10. Tito Puente (Afro Cubop)
1.