Transcript Muscles - Ies Vecindario

Bones, Joints and Muscles
inside our bodies
PHYSICAL EDUCATION ESO
Skeleton – the bones
Skeleton – summary
The skeleton has 5 main
functions:
Support
Shape
Protection
Movement
Making blood cells
Bones contain important
minerals like calcium.
Exercise and diet
are really important
for healthy bones
and teeth.
Did you know that the
human body has 206
bones? The longest is our
femur in the leg and the
smallest is the stirrup in
the ear about 3mm long!
Skeleton – 5 functions
Support
The skeleton gives our
body a frame. Without
it, we would collapse like
jelly!
Make blood cells
New blood is made
inside our bones to keep
us strong and healthy
Shape
The skeleton gives
our bodies their
“body shape”.
Protection
Our bones protect our
vital organs e.g. the
brain and heart.
Movement
Our muscles work to
move our bones. Joints
make the bones move in
a certain way.
Joints – Intro
There are 3 types of joint:
Fixed (fibrous) joints
Joints allow
your body to
move in
different ways.
Joints, muscles and bones
are connected by tissues:
Cartilage, Ligaments and
Tendons
Slightly movable (cartilaginous)
joints
Movable (synovial)
Joints – Spine
The spine or
backbone is
divided into 5
different sections:
• Cervical
Vertebrae
• Thoracic
Vertebrae
• Lumbar
Vertebrae
• Sacrum
• Coccyx
Joints – Movement
Joints move in different ways.
There are 5 types of joint
movement.
 Flexion – when a joint closes
 Extension – when a joint opens
 Abduction – when a body part
moves away from the centre of
the body
 Adduction – when a body part
moves towards the centre of the
body.
 Rotation – when a bone move
around a pivot point.
Muscles – 3 Types
Cardiac Muscles
•Only in the heart.
•Contract and relax
continuously.
•Work without
effort.
Involuntary Muscles
•Around organs such as
the intestines and
blood vessels.
•Work without effort.
Voluntary Muscles
•Attached to skeleton
•Work under your control.
Muscles
Trapezius
Pectorals
Deltoids
Biceps
Triceps
Abdonminals
Latissimus
dorsi
Quadriceps
Gastrocnemius
(Calf)
Gluteals
Hamstrings
Muscles – How do they work?
4 Effects of using muscles
Muscle Fatigue
When you use your muscles
they get tired.
Muscle Atrophy
If you don’t use your muscles
they shrink (get smaller).
Muscle Hypertrophy
If you use your muscles they
develop (get bigger).
Cramp
A sudden contraction of a
muscle that won’t relax.
Muscles pull our
bones
They are attached to
2 bones by tendons
Muscles contract
and relax
Muscles work in
pairs
One contracts and
the other relaxes
The muscle that
contracts is agonist
The other is
antagonist