Transcript Muscles of the Hand, Wrist and Forearm

Muscles of the Hand, Wrist and
Forearm
-Mr. Brewer
Movements
• Phalanges (Hinge Joint)
– Flexion
– Extension
• Pollicis (Saddle Joint)
– Flexion/Extension
– Adduction/Abduction
• Wrist
–
–
–
–
Flexion
Extension
Ulnar Deviation
Radial Deviation
• Forearm
– Supination
– Pronation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlwAoKpSI7s
Phalanges
• The phalanges are
individual hinge
joints that flex and
extend.
• Tendons insert on
various aspects of
the phalanges to
control which joints
move.
Muscles
• Phalangeal Flexor:
– Flexor Digitorum Profundus
• Attaches distally to all 4
lateral phalanges
• Phalangeal Extensor:
– Extensor Digitorum
• Much like the Extensor
digitorum longus of the
foot/ankle, the Extensor
Digitorum attaches distally to
all 4 digits and EXTENDS the
fingers.
Phalangeal Muscles
• Digiti Minimi:
– Anything labeled
“digiti minimi”
involves the pinkie
finger.
• Examples:
– Flexor Digiti Minimi
– Opponens Digiti
Minimi
– Abductor Digiti Minimi
Pollicis
• The pollicis, aka the
“thumb” joint is
considered to be a
saddle joint.
• This joint allows a
variety of different
movements that
include Flex/Ext,
Add/Abd and
Circumduction.
Pollicis Muscles
• Flexors/Extensors
– Flexor Pollicis Longus/Brevis
• Action: Thumb Flexion
– Extensor Pollicis Longus/Brevis
• Action: Thumb Extension
• Adductors/Abductors
– Adductor Pollicis
• Action: Thumb Adduction
– Abductor Pollicis Longus/Brevis
• Action: Thumb Abduction
Thumb and Pinkie Movements
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyl6eoU3Rg
Time: ~ Minute 4:00 through minute 6-6:30.
Wrist Movers
• Most wrist muscles are
considered to be
flexors and extensors,
but they can often
times have degrees of
radial and ulnar
deviation depending
on their
origin/insertion points
on the hand and
forearm.
Radial and Ulnar Deviation
• Radial Deviation:
– “Abduction” of the wrist.
– Having the wrist move towards
the “thumb side.”
– Usually combined with
movements such as Flexion
and/or Extension.
– All muscles that involve either
Ulnar/Radial deviation, typically
have the bone that the wrist
deviates towards in the name:
• Example:
– Both of the following have Radial
Deviation
– Flexor Carpi Radialis
– Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Radial and Ulnar Deviation
• Ulnar Deviation:
– “Adduction” of the wrist.
– Having the wrist move
towards the “pinkie” side.
– Also is usually combined
with other movements
such as extension/flexion.
– Muscles named with Ulna,
typically have ulnar
deviation involved.
• Example:
– Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
– Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Wrist Muscles
Flexors: Muscles that cross
the wrist joint and create a
movement where the
“palm” of your hand moves
toward the forearm.
Extensors: Muscles that
cross the wrist joint and
create a movement where
the back of the hand moves
towards the forearm.
Wrist Flexors and Extensors
• Flexion:
– Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (Some Ulnar Deviation)
– Flexor Carpi Radialis (Some Radial Deviation)
– Palmaris Longus
• This Tendon sometimes is used for repairs throughout the
body.
– **Most commonly the UCL tendon of the Elbow**
• Extension:
– Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (Radial Deviation)
– Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (Midline)
– Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (Ulnar Deviation)
Forearm Movement
• Because of how the forearm is structured with the
Radial head’s ability to “roll” over the Ulna on the
radial notch, The forearm has muscles that
originate and insert on each other to create
supination and pronation of the forearm.
Forearm Muscles
• Supination:
– Supinator:
• Supinates the forearm
• Wraps around the lateral side of
the forearm bones
• Pronation:
– Pronator Teres
• Longer of the 2 pronator
muscles AND it crosses the
elbow joint.
– Pronator Quadratus
• The distal pronator muscle is a
located down by the anterior
aspect of the “wrist”.
Key Points
• Muscles of the Hand, Wrist and Forearm are
named directly for the action that they create.
– I.E. Flexion, Extension, Abduction, etc.
• Pollicis is Latin for “of the Thumb”
• Digiti Minimi is used often when referring to a
muscle that attaches to, and therefore also moves,
the “pinkie finger”.
One last look at the muscles of the
Hand, Wrist and Forearm