Transcript (FRONT TO BACK MAKING TWO HALVES, LEFT AND RIGHT

Review of Basic Anatomy
PE 254
Functions of the
Musculoskeletal System
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Gives the body shape
Protects internal organs
Provides for movement
Consists of more than 600 muscles
Anatomy
Muscles
Ligaments
Tendons
Bones
- provide movement &
generate heat.
- connect bone to bone
injury = sprain
- connect bone to muscle
injury = strain
- protection & shape
The Skeletal System
Gives form to the body
Protects vital organs
Consists of 206 bones
Acts as a framework for attachment of
muscles
Designed to permit motion of the body
The Skull
The Neck
The Spinal Column
The Thorax
The Pelvis
The Lower Extremity
Hip
Thigh
Knee
Leg
Ankle
Foot
The Upper Extremity
Shoulder girdle
Arm
Elbow
Forearm
Wrist
Hand
Joints
Degree of movement
 Synarthrosis – immovable joint
(ex: the skull)
 Amphiarthrosis – slightly movable joint
(ex: fibrocartilaginous disc between the
vertebrae; ligament or membrane links the
two bones such as scapula to the clavicle)
 Diarthrosis – freely movable joint
(ex: hip or shoulder joint)
Joints
Types of Muscle (1 of 2)
Skeletal (voluntary) muscle
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Attached to the bones of the body
Smooth (involuntary) muscle
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Carry out the automatic muscular functions
of the body
Types of Muscle (2 of 2)
Cardiac muscle
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Involuntary muscle
Has own blood supply and electrical
system
Can tolerate interruptions of blood supply
for only very short periods
Human Body Muscle Diagram
Muscle Groups
Because a single muscle usually does not act
alone when it exerts tension in normal body
movement, it acts as one member of the team of
muscles that partially or wholly can control or
contribute to the joint movement occurring.
Therefore, it is convenient and adequate in most
cases of gross muscular analysis to refer to the
action of “groups of individual muscles” rather
than trying to name each one that is or might
acting.
Planes of Motion and Axes of Rotation
PLANES of Motion
AXES of Rotation
SAGGITAL
(FRONT TO BACK MAKING TWO HALVES,
LEFT AND RIGHT)
MEDIOLATERAL
FRONTAL
(SIDE TO SIDE MAKING TWO HALVES, FRONT ANTERIOPOSTERIOR
AND BACK)
TRANSVERSE
(TRANSVERSE MAKING TWO HALVES, TOP
AND BOTTOM)
LONGITUDINAL
Group Activity
Group 1: Lunges.
Group 2: Standing broad jump.
Group 3: Discus throw.
Group 4: 100-meter sprint from the starting
block.
Group 5: Push-ups.
Group 6: Shoulder press with barbells.
Group 7: Free throws in basketball.
Group 8: Javelin throw.
Group 9: Bench press with straight bar.
Group 10: Field-goal kick in football.
Group Activity
Identify the following:
1. Joint(s) involved in activity
2. Muscle group(s) involved in activity
3. Plane(s) of motion
4. Axis(es) of rotation