Transcript Group3 - JointsWebQuest

This is an in depth power point about joints and the
functions and preventative measures to protect them.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
 Rheumatoid Arthritis is a disease
that causes inflammation of the
joints and surrounding tissues along
other joints.
 Signs/Symptoms of Rheumatoid
Arthritis :
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Morning stiffness
Weakness
Widespread muscle aches
Swollen glands
Paleness
Eye burning, Itching , and
discharge
 Skin Redness Or Inflammation
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Treatments Of Rheumatoid
Arthritis
 Medications:
 Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)
 Corticosteroids: Reduces joint swelling and inflammation
 Antimalanal Medications
 Anti- Inflammatory Medications
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Ex. Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Tylenol etc.
 Surgery
 Knee and Hip
 Physical Therapy
 Exercise can stop the loss of joint function
Prevention of Rheumatoid
Arthritis
 Stop Smoking
 The risk of developing RA is nearly double for current
smokers compared with non smokers.
 Receive regular eye exams
 RA can cause eye complications
Osteoarthritis
 Osteoarthritis is the
most common joint
disorder.
 Signs/Symptoms:
 Deep aching joint pain
gets worse after exercise
(relived by rest)
 Joint swelling
 Limited Movement
 Morning Stiffness
Treatment of Osteoarthritis
 Medications
 Artificial joint fluid
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Injected into the knee
 Supplements
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Over the counter drugs
 Steroids
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Reduces inflammation and pain
 Anti-inflammatory drugs
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Ex. Aspirin, Ibuprofen, And Naproxen etc.
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Exercise
Eating healthy
Applying head and cold
Wearing braces
Surgery
 Arthroscopic Surgery
 Cartilage Restoration
 Fusion of Body
 Physical therapy
 Improves Muscle and also strengthens and helps improve stiff joints.
Causes of Osteoarthritis
 Related to aging
 Everyone has osteoarthritis by age 70. after age 55 it is
more common in women
 Injury
 Inflammatory Disorders (Septic Arthritis)
Sprain/Strain
 Sprains and Strains are
both common injuries that
contain the same signs and
symptoms but they can
involve different parts of
your body
 A sprain is tearing or
stretching of ligaments.
The most common strain is
in your ankle.
 Strains most often happen
in your back or hamstring
muscle.
Treatment of Sprain/Strain
 Rest
 Ice
 Compression and elevation
 Mild sprains and strains can be taken care of by oneself
 Severe sprains and strains may require surgery to
reconstruct torn ligaments, muscles or tendons
Symptoms of Sprain/Strain
 Sprains
 Pain
 Swelling
 Bruising
 Hearing a “pop” in your joint at the time injury happens
 Strains
 Pain
 Swelling
 Muscle spasms
 Hard time moving the affected or strained muscle
 Prevention
 Always warm up or stretch before doing any physical activity such as
sports or running.
Articulation
 An area where two bones
attach for body
movement or motion
made of fibrous
connective tissue.
Arthrology
 The study of joints.
Kinesiology
 The study of human
movement.
Rheumatology
 A medical study that
deals with rheumatic
diseases.
Dislocation
 Removal of one or more
bone from a joint.
Structural Classes of Joints
 Structural classification mostly varies on
materials that are able to hold the joints
together, and depends on if there is a cavity
in the joint. There are three types of
structural classes:
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Fibrous joints are bound together by
connective tissue. In fibrous joints,
there is no cavity visible.
Hyaline and fibrocartilage is what
holds together cartilaginous oints.
Like fibrous oints, there is no cavity
visible, and cartiligous can ebe either
immovable or to some extent
moveable
Synovial joints are catagorized by a
synovial cavity that has synovial fluid;
they are also liberally moveable and
put together most joints of the body.
Functional Classes of Joints
 Functional classifacation is founded on
the degree to which the joint consent
movement. There are three types:
Synarthrosis joint does not allow
movement, and because of its
structure, it could be a fibrous or
cartilaginous joint.
 Amphiarthrosis joint only allowed
very little movement. Once again
due to be structure it could also be
considered a fibrous or
cartilaginous joint.
 Diarthrosis joint is able to move
freely. Due to its structure it will
always be a synovial joint.
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Structure & Function of Fibrous
Joints
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In fibourous joints, bones are combined by
fibrous tissue. There are three types of fibrous
joints: gomphosis, suture, and syndesmosis. A
gomphosis joint occurs where one bone fits
into another bone. The articulating edges are
forced together by connective tissue, and the
bone suraces in the articulation are close
together. An example of a gomphosis joint is a
tooth in the jawbone. An example of a suture
is the fibrous joints between the bones of the
skull of an infant. As growth and development
occurs the sutures ossify. A syndesmosis joint
connects two bones through connective tissue
and is found throughout the human body. An
example is the tibio-fibular syndesmosis, the
connective tssue that connects the distal ends
of the fibula and tibia. A syndesmosis allows
the fibula and tibia to work together as part of
the lower leg.
Structure & Function of
Cartilaginous Joints
 In cartilaginous joints,
bones are connected by
either fibro cartilage or
hyaline cartilage. There
are two types of
cartilaginous joints:
symphyses and
fibrocartilage.
Symphysis
 A symphysis is a cartilaginous joint
where the connecting entity is
fibrocartilage. The symphysis is
secure but it has restricted motion.
An example of a symphysis joint is
the attachment of one vertebra to
another by an intervertebral disk, a
fibrocartilage ring, in the vertebral
column. In this symphysis joint only
little motion occurs between
vertebrae, therefore keeping
stability. The combination of small
movements between each successive
vertebral attachment is what allows
the vertebral column to flex and
extend.
Synchondrosis
 A synchondrosis Is a joint where the
articulating surfaces are close together, and
they are held by hyaline cartilage. An
example of a synchondrosis is the two
distinct portions of long bone separated by
a hyaline cartilaginous plate. This normally
occurs at the ends of long bones, where a
cartilaginous plate separates the diaphysis
from the epiphysis. This plate allows the
end of bones to grow throughout early
human development. As growth and
development continues, the hyaline
cartilage ossifies and by adulthood the joint
is gone. Another example of a
synchondrosis in the human body is the
articulation between the first rib and the
manubrium, the upper portion of the
sternum.
Structure of A Typical Synovial
Joint
 All Synovial joints have
the following structures:
 Ligaments
 Hyaline Cartilage
 Synovial Fluid
 Synovial Capsule
 Pads of Fat
Ligaments, and Hyaline
Cartilage
 Ligaments:
 Attach bone to bone
 Prevent
hyperextension/
dislocation
 Stretchy/elastic
 Hyaline Cartilage
 Helps reduce friction
 Acts as a shock absorber
Synovial Fluid, Synovial
Capsule, Pads of Fat
 Synovial Fluid
 Nourishes hyaline
cartilage
 Assists in providing
friction free cartilage
 Synovial Capsule
 Gives stability from the
pressure of the fluid
 Pads of Fat
 Provides shock
absorption
6 Types of Synovial Joints
 There are six types of synovial
joints. Some are relatively
immovabile, but are more
stable. Others have multiple
degrees of freedom, but at the
expense of greater risk of
injury. In ascending order of
mobility, they are: Gliding
joints (or planar joints),
Hinge joints, Pivot joints,
Condyloid joints (or
ellipsoidal joints), Saddle
joints, Ball and socket joints.
Types Of Synovial Joints
 Gliding joints: These joints allow only gliding or sliding movements
 Hinge joints: These joints act like a door hinge, allowing flexion and
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extension in just one plane.
Pivot joints: This is where one bone rotates about another.
Condyloid joints: A condyloid joint is where two bones fit together
with an odd shape (e.g. an ellipse), and one bone is concave, the other
convex. Some classifications make a distinction between condyloid and
ellipsoid joints.
Saddle joints: Saddle joints, which resemble a saddle, permit the same
movements as the condyloid joints.
Ball and socket joints: These allow a wide range of movement.
Movements of A Synovial Joint
 Abduction: movement away
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from the mid-line of the body.
Adduction: movement towards
the mid-line of the body.
Extension: straightening limbs
at a joint
Flexion: bending the limbs at a
joint.
Rotation: a circular movement
around a fixed point.
Bibliography
 "Osteoarthritis - MayoClinic.com." Mayo Clinic medical information
and tools for healthy living - MayoClinic.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov.
2009. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/osteoarthritis/DS00019>.
 "Rheumatoid arthritis - MayoClinic.com." Mayo Clinic medical
information and tools for healthy living - MayoClinic.com. N.p., n.d.
Web. 12 Nov. 2009. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/rheumatoidarthritis/DS00020>.
 "Sprains and Strains: MedlinePlus." National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2009.
<http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sprainsandstrains.html>.