BIOMECHANICS APPLICATIONS
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Transcript BIOMECHANICS APPLICATIONS
Common Training Targets
1. Muscular Strength --> Force
2. Muscular Power
--> Force x velocity
3. Local Muscular Endurance
4. Cardiovascular Endurance
5. Flexibility
Neural Adaptations in Training
Major factor in improved performances
intramuscular coordination results in higher rates
of firing motor units
avoid developing hypertrophy in non-specific
motor units
Specificity of Training
Replicate and Simulate the exact movement:
1. _______
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
CONCENTRIC, ECCENTRIC, ISOMETRIC
Training for Ballistic Movements
Muscles are required to shorten faster than the
speed at which the body segment moves
Strength training at accelerated rates via:
1. Assisted “Over-speed” work
2. underweight and overweight implements
3. Eccentric work using antagonists
Strength of Muscle Contraction Factors
Angle of pull changes through ROM
Muscle FA changes through ROM
Resistance FA changes throughout
Length/Tension Relationship
Velocity/Tension Relationship
Momentum
Fatigue
RESISTANCE MACHINES
“Bowflex”
“Universal Gym”
Resistance Machines
convenient
minimal coordination
minimal stabilization
varied restricted ROM
Free Weights
less convenient
balance/coordination
must stabilize
larger ROM
“Bowflex” advantages:
1. use of stabilizers required
2. considerable ROM
Resistance Machines
with
ROM Varied Resistance
FIG 8.5 page 253
use of cams
(kidney-shaped wheel)
designed to alter
Torques throughout
ROM
ISOKINETIC
Same speed of movement
a specific speed of movement
can be set
increased F does NOT
accelerate movement
FIG 8.6a on page 254
Cybex machine to diagnose
muscle weaknesses
STRENGTH
ability to develop high level of Force
Neural Adaptations in Strength gains:
1. recruit more motor units
2. increase firing frequency of motor units
3. improve synchronization of firings
Types of Muscle Strength
Isometric
Dynamic
Changing length
Same length
moveable resistance
immovable resistance
Stimulus:
Stimulus:
5-6 RM (repetition maximum)
3-6 second contractions
1RM = maximum load
gains specific to actions
gains specific to angle
as well as tension
as well as tension
Competitive Weight Lifting: Strength & Power
Women’s 53kg/130lb class Clean & Jerk 108kg/267lb
Parallel Squat
High tension
biarticulate motion
less stress on knee
stress on V.C.
more simulates sport
motions
Seated Knee Ext.
Less tension
uniarticulate motion
more stress on knee
No stress on V.C.
less simulates sport
motions
studies cited (page 260)
regarding rehab