Transcript connective tissue

CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Tissues





The tissues of the human body include
four major types:
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
CONNETIVE TISSUE




CT connects, supports, protects, provides
frameworks, fills spaces, stores fat, produces
blood cells, protects against infection and
helps repair damaged tissues.
CT cells usually have considerable
intercellular material between them.
This intercellular matrix consists of fibers and
a ground substance.
Comprise much of the body and are the most
abundant type of tissue by weight.
Major Cell Types

1.
2.
3.
There are three types of cell
found in Connective Tissue.
Fibroblast
Macrophages
Mast Cells
Major Cell Types


Fibroblast- produce fiber by secreting protein
into the matrix of CT. The most common.
Large star shaped.
Macrophages-Originates as white blood cells,
also very numerous in CT. Very active.
Specializes in phagocytosis, functions as a
scavenger cell clearing foreign particles from
tissues. Contributes to the defense against
infection and the body’s immunity.
Major Cell Types




Mast Cells- Large and widely distributed in
CT.
Release heparin a compound that prevents
blood clotting.
Releases histamine a substance that
promotes some of the reactions associated
with inflammation and allegories.
Located near blood vessels.
Macrophages
Mast Cells
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
FIBERS

1.
2.
3.
There are also 3 types of fibers found in
connetctive tissue as well.
Collagenous fibers are composed of
collagen and have great tensile strength.
Elastic fibers are composed of microfibrils
embedded in elastic and are very elastic.
Reticular fibers are very fine collagenous
fibers.
Collagenous Fibers




Collagenous fibers are thick threads of the protein
collagen
Grouped in long parallel bundles, slightly flexible with
great strength.
Important components of the body parts that hold
structure together such as ligaments and tendons.
Make up a lot of CT…if you have lots of collagenous
fibers you are dense CT…if you have very little you
are loose CT
Collagenous Fibers
Elastic Fibers





Composed of bundles of protein called elastin
Weaker than collagenous but more elastic
Tissue that has a lot of elastic fibers usually
appear yellow in color.
When stretched or deformed they will resume
their original shape.
Found in body parts subject to
stretching…vocal cords and air passages.
Elastic Fibers
Reticular Fibers



Very thin collagenous fibers
Highly branched and form delicate
supporting networks with a variety of
tissue.
Looks like a road map…easy to id.
Reticular Fibers
CATEGORIES OF
CONNECTIVE TISSUE






Loose connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Reticular connective tissue
Dense connective tissue
Elastic connective tissue
Specialized connective tissue include
cartilage, bone and blood.
LOOSE CONNECTIVE
TISSUE



Forms delicate, thin
membranes throughout
the body. Cells of this
tissue are mainly
fibroblast.
Binds the skin to the
underlying organs and
fills spaces between.
Lies beneath most
layers of epithelium
where its many blood
vessels nourish nearby
epithelial cells.
LOOSE CONNECTIVE
TISSUE

Loose connective tissue
is also found under the
epidermis (epithelium)
of the skin in a region
called the dermis. You
can distinguish it by its
vascularity and
cellularity (lots of cells
and blood vessels)
ADIPOSE TISSUE



Fat tissue formed when cells enlarge and
become abundant. They then become
adipose tissue.
Cushions joints and some organs and it
stores energy.
This tissue lies beneath the skin, in spaces
between muscles, around the kidneys, behind
the eyeballs, in certain abdominal
membranes, on the surface of the heart and
around the joints.
ADIPOSE TISSUE
Reticular Connective Tissue
This tissue composed of thin
collagenous fibers, in a three
dimensional network.
 It supports the walls of internal
organs
 Found in the walls of the liver,
spleen, and lymphatic organs.
 Again resembling a road map.

Reticular Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue




Composed of many closely packed thick
collagenous fibers and fine network of elastic
fibers
Blood supply here is poor and this slows
tissue repair. (this is why a sprain takes so
long to heal)
Very strong, enabling the tissue to withstand
pulling forces. Binds body parts together.
Found in Ligaments and tendons.
Elastic Connective Tissue



This tissue is mainly composed of elastic
fibers…again yellow in color.
Has elastic like quality.
Found in attachments between vertebrae of
spinal cord. Layers within the walls of certain
hollow internal organs, including the larger
arteries, some portion of the heart, and the
larger airways.
Cartilage





Rigid connective tissue
Abundant and largely composed of
collagenous fibers
Lacks direct blood supply and is slow to heal.
Provides supportive framework for
attachments, protects underlying tissue and
forms structural models for many developing
bones.
Its intercelluar material is composed of fibers
and a gel-like substance.(add this)
Cartilage


Major types of cartilage are hyaline
cartilage, elastic cartilage,and
fibrocartilage
Cartilage is at the ends of various
bones,in the ear, in the larynx, and in
pads between bones of the spinal
column, pelvic girdle, and knees.
Hyaline Cartilage




The most common type.
Found on the ends of bones and on many
joints, in the soft part of the nose, and in the
supporting rings of respiratory passages.
Important in growth of most bones and repair
of bones fractures
Embryo's skeleton begins as hyaline
cartilage….eventually replaced by bones.
HYALINE CARTILAGE
FIBROCARTILAGE



A very tough tissue, contains many
collagenous fibers.
Shock absorber for structures that are
subject to pressure.
Intervertebral disks, bones of the knee,
and the pelvic girdle.
FIBROCARTILAGE
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
 More
flexible than hyaline
cartilage.
 Provides the framework for the
external ears and parts of the
larynx.
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Cartilage




The area in red
represents ______
The area in blue
represents _____
Red- Bone
Blue-Cartilage
BLOOD




Composed of cells suspended in a fluid
intercellular matrix called plasma.
Includes red and white blood cells
White blood cells fight infection, red blood
cells transport gases and has platelets
involved in clotting.
Most blood cells originate from red marrow of
certain bones.
BLOOD
BONE






The most rigid of CT
Hardness due to calcium phosphate and mineral salt.
Contains a great amount of collage, whose fibers are
flexible and reinforce the mineral components of
bone
Supports body structures, protects vital structures in
the cranial and thoracic cavities and is an attachment
for muscles
Bone also contains red blood cells and it stores and
releases inorganic salts.
Includes bones throughout the body and middle ear.
BONE

.
BONE

.
MUSCLE TISSUE


1.
2.
3.
Muscle tissue contracts, moving
structures that are attached to it.
Three types
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
SKELETAL MUSCLE
TISSUE





Forms muscles that usually attach to bones and are
controlled by conscious effort. (Voluntary)
Threadlike cells that have alternating light and dark
cross-markings called striations.
Skeletal muscles move the head, trunk, and limbs
and enable us to make facial expressions, write, talk,
and sing…as well as chew, swallow and breath.
Muscle fibers contract when stimulated by nerve
impulses, then immediately relax.
Located throughout the body.
SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE





Smooth because it lacks striations
Shorter than skeletal, spindle-shaped with a
single, centrally located nucleus.
Usually it is involuntarily controlled.
Moves food through the digestive system,
constricts blood vessels, and empties the
urinary bladder.
Comprises the walls of hollow internal
organs, such as stomach, intestines, urinary
bladder, uterus, and blood vessels.
SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE
CARDIC MUSCLE TISSUE




This tissue is found only in the heart
It has striations and also joined end to end.
Branched and interconnected in complex
network. Each cell within a cardiac muscle
fiber has a single nuclei
Cardiac muscle tissue is involuntarily
controlled..
Pumps blood through the heart chambers
and into blood vessels. In fact it can continue
to function without being stimulated by nerve
impulses
CARDIC MUSCLE TISSUE
3 TYPES OF MUSCLE


Three Types of Human Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue, usually found attached to the skeleton, consists of long,
straight multinucleated cells with bands, or “striations.” Skeletal muscle is under
voluntary, conscious control.

Smooth muscle tissue is made of spindle-shaped cells containing a single
nucleus. Smooth muscle surrounds hollow internal structures, including the
stomach, intestines, arteries and veins. Smooth muscle has a greater capacity
than other muscle types to be stretched while retaining the ability to contract.
Both smooth and cardiac muscle are considered involuntary since they generally
are not under our conscious control.

Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the heart and has several attributes in
common with both skeletal and smooth muscle. It has striations or banding like
skeletal muscle but is under involuntary control like smooth muscle.
Can you tell the difference??
1.) Skeletal
2.) Smooth
3.) Cardiac
Nervous Tissue



They consist of basic cells called
neurons (nerve cells) which are the
impulse-conducting cells of the nervous
system and neuroglia cells.
They coordinate, regulate, and integrate
the many body functions.
Found in the brain, spinal cord, and
peripheral nerves.
Neuron