Transcript Muscular Energy

CARDIAC AND SMOOTH MUSCLE
AND MUSCULAR ENERGY
Smooth Muscle
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Also known as visceral muscle
Involuntary muscles that do not contract as rapidly
as skeletal muscles
Found in the organs or your body except the heart
Contract and expand to move materials through the
body
Smooth Muscle Continued…
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Since they are slower and have a lower metabolic
rate, smooth muscles only receive small amounts of
blood
If injured, they rarely repair themselves and often
form scars
Smooth Muscle Example:
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Blood vessel size
 Vasodilate;
blood vessels get larger in diameter,
causing blood pressure to decrease
 Vasoconstrict: blood vessels get smaller in diameter,
causing blood pressure to increase
Sphincters
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Donut-shaped muscles found throughout your
digestives system
Act as doorways to let materials in and out by
contracting and relaxing
Ex: Lets food into the stomach from the esophagus
Cardiac Muscle
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Involuntary muscles that form the walls of the heart
Contractions squeeze blood out of the chambers of the
heart and cause it to circulate around the body
Receive a generous blood supply to remain healthy
Does not regenerate after severe damage, which often
leads to tissue death such as in a severe heart attack
 A person with scarred cardiac muscle may have severely
diminished cardiac output which may lead to disability or
death
Intercalated Disks
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Connect the cardiac muscle fibers together
Because the muscles of the heart are connected,
when one fiber contracts, the adjacent one must
contract
 Similar
to the domino effect
 Allows for a complete emptying of the heart
Muscular Fuel
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Glycogen is stored in the muscles and is also in
reserve waiting to be converted into glucose when
needed
Fats may also be stored in muscles when the muscle
is used often Ex: legs
Release of Energy
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The release of energy caused by converting
glycogen to glucose also releases heat
Hence, strenuous or prolonged exercise can
overheat our bodies
Where do muscle cells
get energy to work?
1st Glucose, a simple
sugar, is used as the
main source of energy.
2nd Reserve Tank:
Glycogen
3rd Reserve Tank:
Fat or Adipose Tissue.
What is ATP?
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups
Adenine
Adenosine Tri-phosphate – ATP
Molecule that stores a small amt. of energy.
How do you make ATP
ADP + P + Energy ---> ATP
ADP
P
P
Partially
charged
battery
+
P
ATP
P
P
P
Fully
charged
battery
The energy to make ATP comes from the
catabolism of glucose.
Where do the phosphate
groups come from?
Creatine Phosphate
naturally occurring molecule
found in cells. Phosphate
donor.
Extra phosphates are
attached to creatine to form
creatine phosphate.
Good or Bad?
Methods for making ATP
1.
Aerobic Respiration
Oxygen is Needed!
(1 glucose molecule = 36 ATP)
2. Anaerobic Respiration (w/o
oxygen) 1 glucose molecule will
make 2 ATP’s & lactic acid.
Why are our muscles red?
Muscle cells have a
molecule called
myoglobin that
stores oxygen in
its cells. This
molecule gives
muscle cells their
red color.
Are all muscles red?
Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers
• Endurance muscles
• Small in diameter
• Lots of myoglobin = red
• Aerobic respiration
Fast Twitch Muscle Fibers
• Fatigue rapidly
• Large in diameter
• Little to no myoglobin –
not red
• Anaerobic respiration
Why do our muscle fatigue?
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Lack of calcium, oxygen, creatine, and
available food sources.