Transcript Music Culture

Chapter 2
Find your folders, get a textbook, have
a seat
 Respond to the following statement in
your journals; “Do you think music can
enhance (make better) experiences
and relationships? Explain why or why
not.”
 Begin Chapter 2, “Music as Culture”
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Anthropologists
Ethnomusicologists
Culture
Music culture
Rhythm
Timbre
Genre
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Musical style
Traditional music
Popular music
Classical music
Gamelan
Chamber music
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Berry Gordy Jr.
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
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Get notebooks and have a seat
No textbooks today
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Explain what the music of various cultures
teaches us about the cultures and their
people.
Identify classifications and specific types of
musical instruments and the sound each
produces.
Analyze examples of traditional music form
distinct world cultures.
Describe the history and contribution of
Motown to American popular music.
Discuss the characteristics of classical music.
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Cultural foundations of music
◦ Instruments have been found dating back to 2000
B.C.
◦ Ancient artwork shows people playing instruments
 Art was important
 Art helped define the culture
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Many cultures have unwritten musical
traditions
◦ Two groups study these traditions
◦ Anthropologists –
 Scholars who study the physical and cultural
characteristics and social customs of a group of people
◦ Ethnomusicologists –
 Scholars who study the music of different cultural
groups
◦ They both study written and unwritten music and
how music and culture influence one another
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Culture –
◦ The customs, beliefs, language, arts and institutions
of a group of people that are learned and transmitted
within the group
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Culture can apply to any specific group within
a society
Music Culture –
◦ The performance practices, means, traditions, uses,
and beliefs about music of a group of people, either
from a specific time or place
◦ Many cultures have unwritten musical traditions
◦ Music traditions are best viewed in the context in
which they originate
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Melody –
◦ Logical succession of musical tones
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Rhythm –
◦ The way the beats or pulses are organized and
subdivided
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Timbre –
◦ The distinct tonal quality of an instrument or voice,
which is clearly identifiable by the ear (tone color)
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Pitch –
◦ The highness or lowness of sound determined by
its frequency of vibration
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Aerophone–
◦ Instruments that produce sound by a vibration of
air – flutes, oboes, trombones
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Idiophones –
◦ Simple solid instruments that produce sound by
being struck, scraped, or shaken – gongs, cymbals,
rattles, xylophone.
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Membranophones –
◦ Instruments that produce sound by striking or
rubbing a skin or membrane stretched across a
resonating air chamber – conga, drums, timpani
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Chordophones –
◦ Instruments that create sound by striking, rubbing,
or plucking a taut string – guitar, harp, violin
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Electrophones –
◦ Instruments that generate sound from electricity –
electric organs and synthesizers
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Need notebook, probably no textbook
Categorizing familiar musical instruments
◦ Create a list of music instruments with which you
are familiar.
◦ Classify the instruments into the five basic
categories: aerophones, idiophones,
membranophnes, chordophones, or electrophones.
◦ What characteristics of the instruments helped you
classify them?
◦ Are there any instruments that might fall into more
than one category? How did you decide?
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Instruments are identified by the range of pitches they
can play
Pitch is effected by the size of the instrument – larger is
lower
Stretching a membrane raises pitch
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For each excerpt, describe all the timbres and identify
the instruments producing the sounds your hear. Locate
the general pitch range you hear for each instrument on
the chart on p. 28. then, classify the instruments
according to their appropriate category.
Excerpt 1
◦ “Moto Perpetuo”
◦ Metal timbre
◦ Steel pans
◦ Range about that of a piano
◦ idiophone
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Excerpt 2
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“Exploration”
Horn timbre
Conch shells, drums
Range of trombone
Aerophone & idiophone
Excerpt 3
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“Libertango Tango Suite”
String, accordian timbre
Cello, bandoneon
Range of cello – clarinet
Chordophone & aerophone
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Excerpt 4
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“Three-Part Invention No. 15”
String & wood timbres
Banjo, violin, marimba
Range from cello – violin
Chordophones & idiophones
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“Piano and Woodwind Quartet”
Woodwind timbres
Flute, oboe, clarinet bassoon, horn
Range from horn – flute
aerophone
Excerpt 5
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Excerpt 6
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“Flight of the Bumblebee”
Brass timbre
Trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba
Range of tuba-trumpet
Aerophone
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“Papa Was a Rolling Stone”
Guitar and drum timbres
Electric guitar
Range bass guitar-lead guitar
electrophones
Excerpt 7
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Excerpt 8
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“What Child is This?”
electronic timbres
English horn, synthesized bass
Range bass guitar – English horn
Aerophone & electrophone
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Design an instrument from each
category(except electrophone). Either build
the instruments or write a short paragraph
about how you would build each instrument.
You can build some instruments and write
about others.
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Brainstorm a definition of each of the three
musical categories: traditional, classical, and
popular.
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Genre -
◦ A particular type of music with a distinctive form or
sound
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Musical style –
◦ A form of expression within a musical genre
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You can identify music by making certain
distinctions
◦ What instruments are playing – symphony or rock
band
◦ Behavior and dress of the musicians
◦ Social and cultural context – also helps us
understand the culture
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Informal music that develops within and is
strongly associated with a cultural group or
region – “folk music”
Closely tied to language and customs
Participatory
Oldest and most prevalent category
Ceremonial, religious, celebratory, or entertainment
Rarely written down or used for commercial
purposes
◦ Taught by word of mouth in social settings
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Music intended for a wide audience, often
featuring prominent melodies
◦ Mostly for entertainment
◦ Participatory
◦ Has roots in traditional and classical music
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A style of art music that stands apart from
traditional or popular music
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Musicians have formal training
Not participatory
Associated with more educated members of society
At one time, only wealthy citizens and leaders were
allowed this music.
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Categorize and evaluate music in terms of
genre
◦ Listen to the first two examples. Then, describe the
following.
 Its social function: Where would your hear it? What
function does it serve?
 Its music qualities: What do you hear? Do you hear
repetition? A strong beat or melody?
◦ Now listen to two different recordings of the same
pieces. Would you categorize these in the same
way? Do you think the function or intended
audience is different? Explain.
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Notebooks and textbooks today, please!!
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Some cultures have musical expressions so
distinctive that they are immediately
recognizable
Mexico – large country with many regions
◦ Music plays a central role in the lives of the people
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List influences on the music of Mexico
(should find at least three)
What events commonly use music in this
culture?
List all the instruments typically used in
traditional music from the state of Veracruz
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Influences
◦ Native cultures - Religious and social music was
important
◦ Spanish - introduced a wide variety of music and
instruments
◦ Enslaved Africans and Caribbean immigrants
influenced Mexican music
◦ This blend is called mestizso – mixed culture
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Each region produces its own unique musical
forms
All use Spanish instruments
Music used for baptism, birthdays, weddings,
anniversaries, funerals, civic ceremonies, and
religious holidays
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East – Veracruz
◦ Played on 4 instruments
 Arpa – 36 string harp that plays melody and bass
 Requinto jarocho – 4 stringed guitar that plays melody
 Jarana – thin guitar that plays rhythmic and harmonic
accompaniment
 Six-string guitar – rhythmic and harmonic
accompaniment
◦ Sones jarochos – traditional songs
◦ Activity 4, p.33 – CD 2:33 La Bamba
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Province of the Republic of Indonesia, north
of Australia
People are know for their uniquely ritualistic
forms of music, drama, and dance
Islam is the predominant religion in Indonesia
Hindu is the most common in Bali
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Nearly everyone in Bali is an
artist
Gamelan –
◦ A Balinese music ensemble or
performing group
◦ Many types of groups
◦ Musicians play metallophones,
gongs, cymbals, drums, flutes,
and a 2-stringed fiddle
◦ Musicians are male, the women
dance
◦ Dances relate to religious stories
of the region
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One of the most popular dance dramas
Struggle between good and evil
Accompanied by a gamelan orchestra
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Overture to the Barong Dance (Balinese
Gamelan)
Can you detect two distinct moods? Describe
them.
◦ One is dramatic and spirited the other is calm and
peaceful. The moods represent the struggle between
good and evil
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Is there any repetition?
◦ Yes, there a repeated patterns.
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Does the tempo stay the same or change often?
◦ The tempo changes from fast slow and back
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What instrument leads the group?
◦ Drums
Textbooks
and
notebooks again
today!
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Motown is the nickname for
Detroit, Michigan (Motor City)
In music it means the name of
one of the most successful and
influential music recording
companies in the world
At one time it was the largest
business in the US owned by
African Americans
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Write the entire sentence. Use your text to help.
Include a date if you can find one.
Barry Gordy inducted to Rock Hall of Fame
First hit song is released, “Money”
Motown Moves to Los Angeles
Gordy borrowed $800 to start record company
Motown sold to MCA for $61 million
“Dancing in the Street” released, an important Civil
Rights movement song
◦ Barry Gordy quits job at Ford plant to become
songwriter.
◦ The Supremes sign with Motown records
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Berry Gordy, Jr. (assembly line worker) started
Motown records in the late 1950’s with a
borrowed $800
The first hit was in 1960 “Money”
In 1961 he signed the Supremes
Motown of the 60’s established a sound and a
style of dress and performance
It helped propel African American artists into the
mainstream
The Supremes
Berry Gordy Jr.
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Berry Gordy built Motown into a powerful
force with groups like Smokey Robinson and
the Miracles, The Temptations, and Marvin
Gaye
75% of Motown releases became hits
In 1988 he was inducted into the Rock and
Roll Hall of Fame
That year he sold Motown records for $61
million.
Most of the music was simple and happy
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Gordy was famous for asking, “Let’s say
you’ve got a dollar and you’re hungry. Would
you buy a sandwich or would you buy this
record?”
“Dancing in the Street”
List 4 reasons why you believe this song
clearly was preferred over the sandwich.
As you listen, try to name the major cities the
group sings about.
◦ Chicago, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia,
Baltimore, D.C., Detroit, LA
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Cover –
◦ One musicians’ playing or recording of a song
made famous by another artist
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Activity 6, p. 39 CD 2. 3 & 4
◦ Which version is the cover?
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“Do You Love Me?”
◦ Written by Berry Gordy
◦ Recorded by The Contours in 1962 – went to #3 on
the charts
◦ Recorded by the Dave Clark Five in 1964 and went
to #11
◦ Released in 1988 and returned to #11.
Each of these statements is incorrect. Rewrite them in
your notes with the correct info.
1. Very few cultures have produced classical music
throughout different historical periods
2. Classical music is commonly associated with specific
place a time, Europe between 1830-1950.
3. During classical period, composers such as Manuel
Maria Ponce and Carlos Chavez wrote some of their
greatest works.
4. Composers were supported financially by middle
class.
5. As the middle class made more money, they wanted
to share some privileges of the elite such as athletics
and drama.
6. Composers were not influenced by middle class
tastes.
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Please, get your NOTEBOOK and a copy of the
TEXTBOOK
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Many cultures have produced classical music
throughout history
Classical music is usually associated with
Europe between 175 and 1830
The Classical Period
◦ Patronage system
 Composers and musicians were supported by the
rich(royalty and church leaders
 They were employees and taught the wealthy students
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As the period advanced, more people made
more money
As they made more money, the middle class
wanted to share in the cultural entertainments
of the elite class
Their children took music lessons
Composers were influenced by the tastes of the
middle class
◦ Some wrote music for amateur musicians
◦ They used familiar folk and popular tunes in their
music
◦ Mozart and Haydn wrote dance music for public balls
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Music written during the classical period for small
ensembles
Music was played in small private homes, not
concert halls
Theme and variations was popular during this
period
Activity 9, p. 44 CD 2:6 Quintet for Clarinet and
Strings in A Major by Mozart
◦ How is a sense of unity achieved?
 Each variation is based on the same theme
◦ How is variety achieved?
 Changes in tone color, tempo, dynamics, tonality, & articulation
◦ What in the music suggests that Mozart had a sense of
humor?
 Use of staccato, tempo changes, and the surprising ending
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1756-1791
One of the world’s most celebrated composers
Musical genius
Child prodigy – performing for royalty and
composed his first symphony at age 8 and his first
opera at age 11
Wrote sacred works, piano music, orchestral works,
vocal music, chamber music concertos, and operas
Operas – The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, and
The Magic Flute (still performed today)
His music reflects his wide range of moods, formal
perfection, rich harmony, ingenious coloration and
melodic beauty
Died in poverty at age 35
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To review for our quiz on Monday, complete
the chapter review, p. 47 #1-13. Write out all
terms, use complete sentences and complete
thoughts in your responses.
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Music written during the Classical period for small
ensembles
◦ Chamber music
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Form of expression within a musical genre
◦ Musical style
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Scholar who studies the music of different cultural groups
◦ Ethnomusicologist
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The name of music intended for a wide audience, featuring
prominent melodies and simple chordal accompaniment
◦ Popular music
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Designates a particular type of music with a distinctive
form or sound
◦ Genre
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Instruments that produce sound by a vibrating column
of air
◦ Aerophones
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The distinct tonal quality of an instrument or voice,
which is clearly identified by the ear
◦ Tone color
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Balinese music ensemble
◦ Gamelan
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Performance practices, means, traditions, uses and beliefs about
music of a group of people, either from a specific time or place
◦ Music culture
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Simple solid instruments that produce sound by being struck,
scraped, or shaken
◦ Idiophones
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Instruments that generate sound from electricity
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The oldest more prevalent category of music
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Style of “art” music that stands apart from traditional or popular
music?
◦ Electrophones
◦ Traditional music
◦ Classical music
Motown
All Music shares these
common elements:
•Melody
•Rhythm
•Timbre
•pitch
• one of the most successful and
influential music recording and
publishing empires
•Located in Detroit, Michigan
•One of the most distinctive rock
and roll music styles of the 20th
century
Influences of Mexican
music:
•Spanish
•African
Music Traditions
•Many cultures have unwritten
musical traditions
•Music traditions are best viewed
within the context of the culture
Random Information
•The theme and variation was
popular during the classical
period
•The larger the instrument the
lower the pitch
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Describe the history and contribution of
Motown to American popular music. Name
some of the artists.
◦ History
 late 1950’s Berry Gordy Jr., song writer and music
producer, started a record company in Detroit
 After his first hit, “Money”, in 1960 he looked for new
artists
◦ Contributions
 New distinctive sound
 Influenced attitude and dress
◦ Artists
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The Supremes
Marvin Gaye
Smokey Robinson
Michael Jackson
Traditional
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Folk music
Associated with
specific cultures or
areas
Participatory
Tied to language and
customs
Popular
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Intended for wide
audience
Reflects culture but can
create its own culture
entertainment