Transcript functional anatomy - WGPC

FUNCTIONAL
ANATOMY
Skeletal System
What is the Skeletal System?
It is the bones, tendons, ligaments and
cartilage that connects them all together.
Skeletal System
How does the Skeletal System help us?
1. SUPPORT. It supports our body, without we
would be a pile of guts and skin on the ground.
2. PROTECTS. It protects our vital organs and
body tissue, E.g. Brain, eyes, heart etc…
3. MOVEMENT. Provides the structure for us to
be able to move.
Skeletal System
ACTIVITY:
Complete the table.
Common Name
Skull
Jaw Bone
Collar Bone
Shoulder Blade
Breast Bone
Funny Bone
Spine
Hips
Wrist
Ankles
Thigh Bone
Knee Cap
Shin Bone
Scientific Name
Muscular System
The Muscular system can be described as having either voluntary
(controlled) or involuntary ( no direct control) muscles.
The 3 main types of muscles are;
1.
Smooth muscle are found in blood vessels or in the intestinal
walls are usually internal involuntary muscle.
2.
Cardiac muscle are found in the walls of the heart and are
involuntary.
3.
Skeletal muscle are external voluntary muscle like biceps
and quads.
Muscular System
Skeletal Muscle:
Attach to and cover the bony skeleton. Skeletal
muscle fibres have the longest muscle cells;
they have obvious stripes called striations and
can be controlled voluntarily. Skeletal muscle
is responsible for overall body movement. It
contracts fast, but tires easily, but can generate
great amounts of force, and is easily adaptable.
Muscular System

Skeletal Muscle Fibre Types
There are 2 different types of muscle cells.
 Type 1:
Fast twitch
 Type 2:
Slow twitch
Fast twitch muscles contract at faster rate but fatigue easily;
they are good for sprinting and power. Slow twitch muscles
contract slower, but don’t fatigue as fast; they are good for
endurance. . Research states that all fibre types are changeable
with training, so higher intensity training creates fast twitch
muscles (anaerobic), and low intensity trainings creates slow
twitch muscles (aerobic).
Muscular System
ACTIVITY:
Fill in the muscles using correct anatomical
names
Synovial Joints
Synovial joints are freely movable, and the
bones are separated by fluid containing joint
cavity. This allows the freedom of movement.
Most joints of the body fall into this class.
Synovial Joints
Synovial Joints
There are 2 types of synovial joints;
1.
Hinge joint. Allows back and forth
movements like bending and straightening. Eg knee
and knuckle.
2.
Ball and socket joint.
Allows side to side,
back and forth and rotational movements. It is held
in place by ligaments. Eg shoulder and hip.
Synovial Joints
ACTIVITY.
What type of joints are the following?
1. Knee
2. Elbow
3. Shoulder
4. Hip
Movements
How does movement happen?
Muscle cells have contractile components.
This means that they have the ability to shorten
and lengthen. Muscle is attached to bone via
connective tissue called tendons. When a muscle
contracts it pulls on the bone over a joint and
creates movement. Muscles work in pairs. When
one muscle in a pair shortens the other must
lengthen to allow the movement to occur.
Movements
Flexion and Extension.
Flexion is the bending or decreasing of the
angle between the bones. Eg. Bending your
arm through flexion at the elbow.
Extension is the straightening or increasing
of the angle of the bones. Eg. Straightening
your leg by extension at the knee.
Movements
Abduction and adduction.
Abduction is the movement of the bone away
from the midline. Eg. Doing a lateral raise.
(movement on the way up.)
Adduction is the movement of the bone
towards the midline. Eg. In the lateral raise,
(movement on the way down towards the body.)
Movements
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.
Dorsiflexion is the raising of the toes and foot
towards the tibia.
Plantarflexion is pointing of the toes.
Movements
Inversion and eversion.
Inversion is the movement of the sole of the foot
inward at the ankle.
Eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot
outward at the ankle.
Movements
Pronation and supination.
Pronation is the crossing of the radius and the
ulna, for eg when the palms are facing down.
Supination is movement of the bones so the
radius and ulna run parallel, for eg when your
Palms are facing up.
Movements
Circumduction.
Circumduction is movement of the bone so that
end describes a circle, and the bone make a cone
around it.
Movements
ACTIVITY. Complete the table.
Knee
Shoulder
Elbow
Hip
Type of joint
Movements
Major muscles used in
movement.
Hinge
Extension and
flexion
Quadriceps and
hamstrings