Transcript moving bodies - PLC-METS

MODELING JOINTS,
MUSCLES AND BONES
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Joint: The place where two or more bones
meet
Cartilage: A smooth, flexible material that
lines and cushions joints. It is also the
material that nose and ears are made of
Ligament: Strong bands of tissues that hold
bones in place at joints
Tendon: Less flexible tissues that connect
muscles to bone
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Muscle: An organ that can relax, contract and
provide the force to move body parts.
Extensor muscle: pulls bones apart at joints
Flexor muscle: pulls bones together at joints
Ball and Socket Joint
This joint consists of a bone with
a rounded end that fits into a
cuplike cavity on another bone.
This type of joint is found in hips and
shoulders. It provides for a wide range
of motion which is why arms and legs
can swing in almost any direction.
Hinge Joint
This joint has a back
and forth motion like
hinges on a door
Elbows, knees and fingers
have hinge joints. These have
a smaller range of motion
than ball and socket joints.
Gliding Joint
One part of a bone slides
over another bone.
These joints move in a back and forth
motion and are found in wrists, ankles
and between vertebrae. These are used
the most in the body.
Pivot Joint
In these joints, one bone rotates in a ring of
another bone that does not move. Turning the
head is an example.
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Muscles can only contract or get shorter
Therefore, muscles work in pairs called flexors and
extensors.
A flexor muscle pulls the bones of a joint together
An extensor pulls these same bones apart.
In a joint, there are opposing muscles that contract in
opposing directions so you can move in a range of
motion. For example, your biceps (flexor) bend your
arm at the elbow and your triceps (extensor)
straighten your arm.
One group of muscles contracts while the opposing
muscle group relaxes.
Link to an interactive example.
http://www.purchon.com/biology/flash/elbow.swf
Muscles of the Body
The food we eat and air we breath provides the
energy for our muscles to contract.
 The circulatory system transports these needed
materials to all body tissues
 Muscles, which are connected to bones with
tendons, work in pairs to move our bones at
joints.
 Bones are connected at joints by ligaments
which hold the bones together.
 Nerve impulses given by the brain determine our
movements
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Draw designs. Include measurements and materials
used for bone, ligaments, tendons and muscles.
Build the model with classroom materials
Test the model. Research and modify if needed
Test the model with another group, modify based on
feedback
Present to class with explanations of how your model is
a good representation of how the body moves.
Describe revisions. How could the model be improved?
Include: type of joint, where the joint is found, type of
movement, muscles involved, materials used for bones
and ligaments or tendons, muscles and bones.