Transcript Slide 1 - bYTEBoss

Chapter 14
Injuries to the Tissues
The Human Cell
• Basic structural and functional unit of all
living organisms
• Smallest structure capable of
performing all activities vital to life
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The Human Cell
• Cells and the tissues they form allow
the body to perform functions vital to life
– Breathing
– Eliminating waste products
– Maintaining homeostasis
• Maintenance of internal systems
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Tissue Types
• Epithelial
• Connective Nerve
• Muscle
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Controlling Bleeding
• Remember to wear gloves when dealing
with blood or other body fluids
• Profuse bleeding or hemorrhage
– Life-threatening condition
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Controlling Bleeding
• External bleeding can occur from
capillaries, veins, or arteries
– Capillary bleeding is the most common
– Applying a sterile pad and compression will
usually control bleeding in minor cuts
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Controlling Bleeding
• Venous bleeding
– Controlled by placing a sterile compress
over wound
– Gloved hand applied directly to the site
– It usually takes 4-6 minutes to clot, so
pressure should last 6 minutes
– Some conditions (a patient on blood
thinners) may take longer to clot
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Controlling Bleeding
• Arterial bleeding
– Caused by a punctured or severed artery
– Arterial blood is bright red and pulsates
(spurts) because it is under pressure
– Must be controlled immediately
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Controlling Bleeding
• Arterial bleeding
– Direct pressure is best method to help
control arterial bleeding
– EMS should be called immediately if
bleeding does not stop
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General
Principles of Wound Care
• Always wear gloves when handling
wounds
• Control any bleeding
• Cleanse wound with soap and water
and first aid cream
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General
Principles of Wound Care
• Immobilize injured area
• Apply ice
– Except for snakebite
• Handle the wound gently
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Guidelines for
Applying Bandages
• Always remove jewelry from a patient if
dressing a hand or wrist
• Leave fingers and toes exposed to
check on circulation and sensation
• Use sterile material
• Control any bleeding
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Guidelines for
Applying Bandages
• Open the dressing package
– Use sterile technique, and touch only the
corners
• Cover entire wound
• Apply bandage snugly but not too tightly
• Secure all loose ends with tape
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Superficial
Injuries to Soft Tissues
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Abrasions
Lacerations
Punctures
Incisions
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Superficial
Injuries to Soft Tissues
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Avulsions
Calluses
Blisters
Bites
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Skin Infections
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Fungi and yeasts
Herpes
Papilloma virus
Impetigo
Hematoma
Contusions
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Muscular System
• 600 muscles in human body
• Made up of bundles of tiny contractile
muscle fibers
– Held together by connective tissue
• Fibers initiate movement when they are
stimulated by nerve endings
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Muscle Vocabulary
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Rotation
Adduction
Abduction
Extension
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Muscle Vocabulary
• Flexion
– Plantar and palmar
• Dorsiflexion
• Eversion
• Inversion
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Types of Muscle Tissue
• Cardiac
– Make up the walls of the heart
• Smooth (visceral)
– Found throughout the body in the internal
organs
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Types of Muscle Tissue
• Skeletal (striated)
– Attached to bones and produce
movement upon command from brain
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Muscle Injuries
• Muscle strain
• Myositis ossificans
• Tendonitis
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The Joints
• Three categories
1. Fibrous
– Immovable joints including bones of
cranium
2. Cartilaginous
– Slightly moveable including vertebra of
spine
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The Joints
• Three categories
3. Synovial
– Freely moveable including elbow, knee,
and fingers
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Injuries to the Joints
• Ligament or capsular sprains
• Dislocations and subluxations
• Synovitis and bursitis
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The Skeletal System
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Each of the 206 bones forming the
human skeleton affects our movement
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The Skeletal System
• Five specific functions of this system:
– Provide support for muscles, fat, and soft
tissues
– Protect internal organs
– Provide leverage for lifting and movement
through the attachment of muscles
– Produce blood cells
– Store majority of the body’s calcium supply
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Signs of a Bone Fracture
• Pain at the site of an injury
• Deformity
• Edema at the injury site
– Swelling
• Ecchymosis
– Bruising
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Signs of a Bone Fracture
• Grating or crepitation
– Crackling sound when bone is moved
• Immobility
• Numbness or tingling
• Pale or cold skin due to impaired
circulation
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Types of Fractures
• Open
– Also known as compound
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Avulsion
Stress
Greenstick
Impacted
Longitudinal
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Types of Fractures
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Oblique
Spiral
Transverse
Comminuted
Blowout
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