Transcript Sport Injuries - Mr-Corrente

Sport Injuries
Types of Injury
Fractures
– Occur as a result of extreme stress placed on
bones.
- Different types of fractures can occur based on the
kind of stress (ie. Compression, bending, twisting,
shear…)
Management: RICE and immobilization. Healing most
often requires immobilization in a cast, or soft splint.
However, smaller bones cannot be cast and may
require splint.
Sport Injuries
Stress Fracture
- Result from overuse rather than trauma.
- Repetitive forces transmitted through the bones
produce irritations at specific spots on the bone
(marathon runners).
- Pain starts as a dull ache but progresses each day.
- Management: RICE. Recommended to stop activity
for at least 14 days. Can become fractures in time.
Sport Injuries
Dislocations
- Occurs when one bone in a joint is forced out of its
normal alignment (ie. shoulder).
- Often results in rupture of surrounding tissue.
- Joint is vulnerable to more dislocation.
- Dislocations should never be immediately reduced,
need to rule out fracture possibility
- Management: RICE. Reduced by physician only!
Before taken to physician, injury should be splinted.
Sport Injuries
Sprains
- Injury to a ligament. Ligaments connect bone
to bone.
Grade 1 Sprain
- Some stretching of ligaments occurs
- Expect mild to moderate pain, localized
swelling, joint stiffness
Sport Injuries
Grade 2 Sprain
- Some tearing and separation of the ligament
- Moderate joint instability
- Moderate to severe pain, general swelling
Grade 3 Sprain
- Total tearing of ligament, major joint instability
- Usually need exceptional load
- Severe pain may be followed by no pain
- Swelling may be great, joint becomes very stiff, may
require surgery
- Initial management of
sprains: RICE
-Weight-bearing activity as
soon as can be endured
-Heat can be applied after
initial 48 hrs. of RICE to
relax tight ligaments
Sport Injuries
Contusions
- An external blow causes soft tissue to be
compressed against hard bone underneath
- Capillaries are torn, which allows bleeding
into tissues causing blue-purple discoloration
- Calcium deposits may result with repeated
trauma
Management: RICE and protect this injury
Sports Injuries
Concussion (Brain Contusion)
- An external blow to the head which causes an
injury to the brain
- A mild concussion may involve no loss of
consciousness (being "dazed") or a very brief
loss of consciousness (being "knocked out").
- A severe concussion may involve prolonged
loss of consciousness with a delayed return to
normal.
Sports Injuries
Management:
- Apply ice to area of impact and limit victim movement
- No activity until asymptomatic
- Return to activity follows concussion protocol.
Risks:
- Post-concussion Syndrome: experience of headache,
nausea, or difficulty concentrating for weeks after injury
- Second Impact Syndrome: repeated concussions
(especially in quick succession) can result in fatal
brain swelling
Sport Injuries
Strains
- Tearing of the muscle fiber
- Occur when a muscle is overstretched or
forced to contract against too much resistance
Grade 1 Strain
- Some muscle fibers stretched or torn
- Movement is painful but full range is possible
Sport Injuries
Grade 2 Strain
- A number of muscle fibers have been torn
- Movement is extremely painful
- Swelling and discoloration may occur
Grade 3 Strain
- Complete rupture of the muscle
- May be total loss of movement
- Pain is intense then subsides due to nerve
damage
-Hamstring is most common strain (rapid contraction in
stretched position). Often due to muscle imbalance.
Management: RICE. Heat and ultrasound may be
used for long term rehabilitation. Rehab is longer than
sprain because complete muscle rest is required.
Sport Injuries
Muscle Spasms (Cramps)
- Involuntary contraction of the muscle (ie.
Gastrocnemius)
- Pain and tightness associated
- May be result of dehydration, loss of electrolytes, or
muscle fatigue
- Can last seconds or a number of minutes.
- Muscle should be manually stretched and massaged to
help relax the muscle. Hold the muscle in stretched
position until the spasm eventually stops.
- Chronic spasms (ie. Lower back) should be treated
with RICE and a good stretching program. Heat /
muscle relaxants provides temporary relief.
Sport Injuries
Muscle Soreness
- Overexertion in strenuous muscular exercise
results in muscular pain
- Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
occurs 12-48 hrs. after exercise
- Muscular pain, stiffness, and resistance to
stretching is present
- Preventable by gradually increasing exercise
from moderate to intense over time
Sport Injuries
Management: RICE and PNF stretching