Transcript Notes: Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

Intro to Anatomy and
Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology
• Anatomy- the science of structure
and location and the relationship
among the structures
• Physiology- the science of body
functions and metabolism
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ARE
DEPENDENT ON EACH OTHER
Anatomy—Levels of Study
•Gross anatomy
–Large structures
–Easily observable
•Microscopic Anatomy
–Very small
structures
–Can only be
viewed with
a microscope
Figure 14.1
Levels of Structural Organization
Smooth muscle cell
Molecules
Cellular level
Cells are made up of
molecules
Atoms
Chemical level
Atoms combine to
form molecules
Tissue level
Tissues consist of
similar types of cells
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Epithelial
tissue
Smooth
muscle
tissue
Connective
tissue
Organ level
Organs are made up
of different types
of tissues
Blood
vessel
(organ)
Cardiovascular
system
Organismal level
Human organisms
are made up of many
organ systems
Organ system level
Organ systems consist of different
organs that work together closely
Figure 1.1,
Organ System Overview
1. Integumentary
Forms the external body
covering
Protects deeper tissue
from
injury
Helps regulate body
temperature
Sensory organ
Synthesizes Vitamin D
Figure 1.2a
Organ System Overview
2. Skeletal
Protects and supports
body organs
Provides muscle
attachment for movement
Site of blood cell
formation
Stores minerals
Figure 1.2b
Organ System Overview
3. Muscular
Produces movement
Maintains posture
Produces heat
Figure 1.2c
Organ System Overview
4. Nervous
Fast-acting control
system
Responds to internal and
external change
Activates muscles and
glands
Figure 1.2d
Organ System Overview
5. Endocrine
Secretes regulatory
hormones for homeostasis
• Growth
• Reproduction
• Metabolism
Figure 1.2e
Organ System Overview
6. Cardiovascular
Transports materials in body
via blood pumped by heart
• Oxygen
• Carbon dioxide
• Nutrients
• Wastes
Figure 1.2f
Organ System Overview
7. Lymphatic
Returns fluids to blood
vessels
Cleanses the blood
Involved in immunity
Figure 1.2g
Organ System Overview
8. Respiratory
Keeps blood supplied with
oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide
Figure 1.2h
Organ System Overview
9. Digestive
Breaks down food
Allows for nutrient
absorption into blood
Eliminates indigestible
material
Figure 1.2i
Organ System Overview
10. Urinary
Eliminates nitrogenous
wastes
Maintains acid-base
balance
Regulates water and
electrolytes
Figure 1.2j
Organ System Overview
11. Reproductive
Produces offspring
Figure 1.2k–l