Injury Assessment & Evaluation
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Transcript Injury Assessment & Evaluation
Injury Assessment
& Evaluation
Today’s topics...
Principles of range of motion testing,
neurological testing, and special tests
Functional testing
Range of Motion Assessment
Categories & progression
1. AROM
2. PROM
3. RROM
AROM
Voluntary movement through muscle
contraction
Establishes willingness and ability to move
Helps determine damage to contractile
tissue
AROM
Assess all movements of joint
Check for bilateral equality
Assess fluidity & extent of movement
Palpate joint throughout movement
AROM
Causes of limited movement
1. Pain*
5. Joint contractures
2. Swelling
6. Nerve damage
3. Muscle spasm 7. Loose bodies
4. Muscle tightness
*Where in the motion does it hurt?
“Painful arc”
PROM
Movement of the part w/o assistance
from the injured individual
Distinguishes injury to contractile tissues
from non-contractile tissues
Position person lying down to relax
muscles
Perform painful movements last
Note end feel
RROM
Assess muscle strength after injury
Detect injury to nervous system
Examples of results & implications:
1. Muscle weakness & pain--> strain
2. Muscle weakness &
pain -> nn damage
Static & dynamic testing (pressure vs resistance)
Grading system
Movement terminology
Flexion/extension
Movement terminology
ABDuction/ADDuction
Movement terminology
Internal/external rotation
Aka medial/lateral
Movement
terminology
Plantar flexion/dorsiflexion
Inversion/eversion
Radial/ulnar deviation
Movement terminology
Horizontal ABDuction/ADDuction
Lateral flexion
L/R rotation
Manual muscle testing
Neurological testing
Evaluate
Sensation
Motor function
Deep tendon reflexes
Identify
Nerve root impingement
Peripheral nerve damage
CNS trauma
Disease
Neurological testing
Indicated by
Numbness
Paresthesia
Muscular weakness
Pain of unexplained origin
Injury to cervical or lumbar spine
Neurological testing
Spinal nerve roots & segmental
nerves
Roots supply area of skin &
series of muscles
1. Dermatome
2. Myotome
Neurological testing
Assessment of dermatomes & myotomes
Reflex testing
1. Changes -->degeneration OR injury
in specific regions of nervous system
2. DTR’s tend to be absent if specific
nerve root damage
Joint stability tests
Assess integrity of ligamentous & capsular
tissues
Tests apply tension to specific ligaments
ALWAYS include tests for major ligament
damage & fxs in “On-field” evaluations
Laxity vs instability
Laxity — clinical sign of the amount of
“give” within a joint; identified by stress
testing
Instability — joint’s inability to function
under the stresses of function activity
Ligamentous Stress tests
Special tests
Specific procedures applied to a joint to
determine presence of a particular
pathological condition
Unique to each structure
Results are compared
Side to side
Cause provocation
Cause alleviation
Reported as positive (+) or negative (-)
Special tests
Functional Testing
Tests of motor coordination,
proprioception, & sport specific skill
Tests are sport specific--> performed
during sport participation
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