Transcript Presentation 1: Introduction to Kinesiology

Introduction to Kinesiology
Applied Kinesiology
420:151
Agenda
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What is kinesiology?
Why study kinesiology?
How do we study kinesiology?
Review Topics
What is Kinesiology?
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Definition: The study of human
movement via the physical sciences.
Physics  Biomechanics
Anatomy  Musculoskeletal anatomy
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Structure
Physiology  Neuromuscular
physiology
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Function
KINESIOLOGY
BIOMECHANICS
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
Spine
Pelvic Girdle
Shoulder Girdle
KINEMATICS
Linear
Angular
Linear
Angular
Vectors
Vectors
GR Forces
Torque
Scalars
Angles
Friction
C of G
Position
Position
Fluid
Levers
Displacement
Displacement
Elasticity
Acceleration
Velocity
Velocity
Acceleration
Acceleration
Newton’s
Laws
Newton’s
Laws
Work
Work
Power
Power
Centripedal F
Stability
Impulse
Impulse
Momentum
Momentum
Projectiles
Muscular System
Nervous System
KINETICS
Agenda
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What is kinesiology?
Why study kinesiology?
How do we study kinesiology?
Review Topics
Why Study Kinesiology?
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To improve performance.
There are many applications of
“improving performance.” Examples?
Athletic performance, dance/pedagogy,
physical therapy, occupational therapy,
gait analysis, human factors,
ergonomics. . .
Why Study Kinesiology?
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What does an improvement in
performance mean? An optimization of:
Safety
Effectiveness
Efficiency
These are the BIG 3 underlying
objectives!
Agenda
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What is kinesiology?
Why study kinesiology?
How do we study kinesiology?
Review topics
How Do We Study Kinesiology?
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What tools are used to study movement?
Video
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Force transducers
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Kinematics: Study of motion in respect to time
Kinetics: Study of forces that act to cause motion
EMG
Computer modeling
How Do We Study Kinesiology?
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Quantitative Methods
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Qualitative Methods
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Uses numbers to describe movement
Describes the quality of movement without
numbers
General or specific
Either are appropriate when performing
a KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Kinesiological Analysis
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Purpose: To describe, evaluate
(anatomical and mechanical) and
prescribe corrections
Step 1: Describe
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Identify the purpose of the movement
Identify the phases of the movement
Identify the simultaneous-sequential
nature of the movement
Others?
Identify the Purpose
Speed?
Combination?
Speed and
accuracy?
Force and distance?
Form?
Accuracy?
Prep phase
Identify the Phases
Wind-up phase
Force phase
Discrete vs. Continuous
Follow through
phase
Identification of start and end points is critical
Schaffer, Jobe, Pink & Perry, 1993
Identify the SimultaneousSequential Nature
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The interaction of the segments
involved in any movement can be
placed on a continuum
Segments move together
Segments move in an orderly sequence
Direction: Straight line (linear)
Direction: Along a curved path (angular)
Purpose: Force, accuracy
Purpose: Velocity
Anywhere in between (push press)
Step 2: Analyze/Evaluate
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Anatomical analysis
Mechanical analysis
Anatomical Analysis
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Paradigm
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Process vs. Product
Performance vs. Outcome
The anatomical analysis should answer
several questions about the involved
joints, muscles and reflexes
Each phase must be considered
Anatomical Analysis: Joints
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What joints are involved?
What segments are being moved?
What are the beginning positions of the
segments being moved?
What are the actions of each joint?
Anatomical Analysis: Muscles
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What muscles are responsible for each
of the identified joint actions?
Are the muscles activated
concentrically, eccentrically or
isometrically?
What type of force is responsible for the
movement (external/internal)?
Anatomical Analysis: Reflexes
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What neuromuscular reflexes are
present in the movement?
Mechanical Analysis:
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Paradigm
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Movement of the human body is governed
by mechanical laws and principles
Before identifying the mechanical
factors that affect the movement, the
underlying objectives of the movement
should be defined
Mechanical Analysis:
Objectives of Movement
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Balance
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Locomotion
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For maximum height, distance, accuracy
Manipulation
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Prescribed distance, pattern
Projection
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Regain stability or attain mobility
Objects, reproduced pattern, resistance
Maximum Effort
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Force, velocity, power
Step 3: Prescription
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Identify portions of the movement that
do not meet the anatomical/mechanical
ideal
Decide upon an appropriate strategy
Agenda
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What is kinesiology?
Why study kinesiology?
How do we study kinesiology?
Review topics
Review Topics
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Articulations (pp. 25-30)
Orientation Planes and Axes of Motion
(pp. 36-38)
Fundamental Movements (pp.38-41)
Location and action of major muscle
groups