Transcript Document

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO THE
STUDY OF KINESIOLOGY
KINESIOLOGY
Scientific Basis of Human Motion, 12th edition
Hamilton, Weimar & Luttgens
Presentation Created by
TK Koesterer, Ph.D., ATC
Humboldt State University
Revised by Hamilton & Weimar
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
OBJECTIVES
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Define kinesiology & explain its importance to the student
of human motion.
Describe major components of a kinesiology analysis.
Describe a selected motor skill;
 breaking it down into component phases.
 identifying starting and ending points.
Determine simultaneous-sequential nature of movement
skills.
Classify motor skills.
State the mechanical purpose of movement skills
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KINESIOLOGY
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The study of human movement from the point
of view of the physical sciences.
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Mechanics: Biomechanics
Anatomy: Musculoskeletal anatomy
Physiology: Neuromuscular physiology
Every structure that participates in movements
of the body does so according to physical and
physiological principles.
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SAFETY, EFFECTIVENESS
& EFFICIENCY
The underlying aim of kinesiology is:
 Safety: structure movements to avoid doing
harm to the body.
 Effectiveness: success or failure of meeting
goals of performance.
 Efficiency: striving to achieve movement goal
with least amount of effort.
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METHODS OF STUDY
CONTROLLED LABORATORY STUDIES
Help students gain understanding of the
nature & complexity of human motion.
 Primarily qualitative in beginning.
 Advanced study include EMG, motion
capture, force transducers & computer
analysis equipment.
 As technology advances, new abilities
increase the depth of knowledge and
understanding.
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METHODS OF STUDY
ANALYSIS UNDER EVERYDAY CONDITIONS
Students learn how to apply a knowledge
of kinesiology.
 Develop qualitative skills necessary for
accurate observation, diagnosis, and
treatment of faulty motor performance.
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COMPONENTS OF ANALYSIS
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Describing a skill in a logical fashion.
 Breaking
it down into its elements.
 Determining which elements are critical to SEE
principle for performance.
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Evaluating performance
 Identifying
errors in performance.
 Identifying the sources of error.
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Prescribing corrections based on appropriate
identification of cause.
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KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
(TABLE 1.1)
A. Description of the motor skill performance
1. Primary purpose of the skill
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Applicable references to speed, accuracy, form, etc.
form
speed
speed &
accuracy
accuracy
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KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
(TABLE 1.1)
A. Description of the motor skill performance
2. Movement phases
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break down motion into “phases”
preparation
Fig 1.2
power
follow through
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KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
(TABLE 1.1)
A. Description of the motor skill performance
3. Classification of the skill
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Classification provides clues to the nature of
anatomical & mechanical requirements of a group
of skills.
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KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
A. Description of the motor skill performance
4. Simultaneous-sequential nature of motion
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Simultaneous – segments move as one
Sequential – segments move in an orderly
sequence
simultaneous
sequential
Fig 1.4
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KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
(TABLE 1.1)
B. Anatomical analysis
1. Joint actions & segment motions:
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Joints involved, and exact movements in the skill?
Any limited range of motion?
Refer to Table 1.2
2. Muscle participation & form of contraction:
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Muscles producing joint actions?
Type of contraction?
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Anatomical Analysis Model
Joint
Joint
Action
Segment
Moved
Plane &
Axis
Force
Contraction
Type
Prime
Movers
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KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
(TABLE 1.1)
B. Anatomical analysis
3. Neuromuscular considerations
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Which neuromuscular mechanisms are involved?
What is the nature of involvement?
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KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
(TABLE 1.1)
B. Anatomical analysis
4. Anatomical principles related to effective & safe
performance:
 Which anatomical principles contribute to
efficiency & accuracy?
 Which principles are related to avoidance of
injury?
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KINESIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
C. Mechanical analysis
1. Underlying mechanics objective(s)
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Balance: regain stability, attain mobility
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Locomotion: travel
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Pole vault, long jump, throwing
Manipulation: objects or resistance
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Walking, running, skipping
Projection: height, range & accuracy
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Jump stop, track start
Weightlifting, writing
Maximum effort: speed, power, & force
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Sprinting, power lift, blocking
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C. Mechanical Analysis
2. Nature of the forces causing or impeding motion.
 Internal forces
 External forces
 Modifying forces
3. Identify the critical elements.
4. Mechanical principles that apply
 Concerning safety.
 Concerning effectiveness.
 Concerning efficiency
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D. Prescriptions for improvement of performance
• Indicate how the performance should be changed
so that the principles are no longer violated.
• Strategy for effecting change.
• Concentrate on the causes of error, not on the
symptoms.
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