Transcript Music Genre and Medium of Performance Vocabularies

LCMPT/LCGFT Training
MOUG 2015
Beth Iseminger (Harvard University)
Nancy Lorimer (Stanford University, in absentia)
Thomas Pease (Library of Congress)
Kevin Kishimoto (University of Chicago)
Casey Mullin (Stanford University)
Hermine Vermeij (UCLA)
Janis Young (Library of Congress)
ClassWeb guest access
URL: www.classificationweb.net
Username: trainer1
Password: library
Overview
Part I
• Background (Genre/form in general, status of projects)
• Overview (The new music vocabularies, faceting, highlights)
Part II
• Best practices (LCMPT and LCGFT)
Break!
Part III
• Examples
• Exercises
Part IV
• Genres and library systems
• Existing subject headings
• LCMPT and RDA
• Procedures for submitting new terms
PART I
Background and Overview
Janis L. Young
Policy and Standards Division
Library of Congress
Genre/form terms describe what something is,
rather than what it is about
Examples
Score of
The Four Seasons
Book about
The Four Seasons
Recording of
The Four Seasons
Genre or Form?
• Genre: a category of works that is characterized by a
similar plot, theme, setting, situation, or characters
– Adventure
– Detective and mystery
– Western
• Form: a category of works with a particular format or
purpose
– Encyclopedia
– Poetry
– Suite
Genres and Forms in LCSH
LCSH has always included genres and forms
• Form headings
Constitutions
Symphonies
Topographic maps
Waltzes
War films
• Form subdivisions
$v Biography
$v Exhibitions
$v Fake books
$v Maps
$v Scores and parts
Genres and Forms in LCSH
• Computer cannot distinguish between form
and topical headings
– Coding is identical (650 field)
– Form headings can often be used as topics
– We expect users to distinguish between works of
a genre or form and works about it
Genres and Forms in LCSH
• Examples
Old time music—History and criticism
Proverbs—History and criticism
Spanish language—Dictionaries
Spanish language—Lexicography
Waltzes
Waltz
LCGFT
• Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for
Library and Archival Materials
– Coded in a dedicated MARC field (655)
– Allows computers to distinguish between a topic
and a genre/form
• New interfaces are able to provide specialized limits
and searches
• Result sets match the users’ needs
LCGFT Projects
• “Finished”
– Moving images
– Non-musical sound
recordings
– Cartography
– Law
• Ongoing
–
–
–
–
–
General terms
Music
Literature
Religion
Art
Music Genre/Form Project
• Collaboration between the Library of Congress
and MLA’s Bibliographic Control Committee,
Form/Genre Task Force
– Task Force formed in 2009
– 567 proposals approved on February 13, 2015
Mediums of Performance
• Some LCSH form headings consist of, or
include, musical mediums of performance
Suites (Bassoon, clarinet, flute, horn, oboe with string
orchestra)
Operas—Vocal scores with continuo
Bassoon, clarinet, trumpet with orchestra
Violin and cello music
Mediums of Performance
• LCMPT: Library of Congress Medium of
Performance Thesaurus for Music
– Collaboration between LC and BCC’s Subject
Access Subcommittee
– Over 800 terms were approved in February 2014
Mediums of Performance
• LCMPT: Library of Congress Medium of
Performance Thesaurus for Music
– Coded in 382 field of bibliographic and authority
records
– Principal goal is access, but may also be used for
RDA medium of performance element
Demographic Groups
• Some LCSH form headings include
characteristics of the creator or of the
intended audience
Arabic language—Textbooks for foreign
speakers—English
Children’s songs
Prisoners’ writings
Short stories, American
Demographic Groups
• LCDGT: Library of Congress Demographic
Group Terms
– MARC coding
• 385 field: audience characteristics
• 386 field: creator/contributor characteristics
– Undertaken by PSD with assistance of the
ALA/CaMMS Subject Access Committee
– Small pilot vocabulary available in early summer
2015
Demographic Groups
• LCDGT: Library of Congress Demographic
Group Terms
– To be assigned
• When the audience is clearly stated
• When the creator or contributor self-identifies
A German textbook for English speakers
An American composer
FACETED VOCABULARIES
Facets
• Merriam-Webster online dictionary
– Facet: def. 2: Any of the definable aspects that
make up a subject (as of contemplation) or an
object (as of consideration)
– Synonyms: angle, aspect, hand, phase, side
Facets
• Simplify discovery
– Commercial web sites have been using it for years
– Allow users to “drill through” individual facets to
limit their searches
• Individual facets can be searched and also used as
search limits
Facets
• Each vocabulary describes a distinct aspect of
a work
– Coding each aspect separately allows for more
flexibility and precision in searching
Facets
• Example:
– A collection of short stories about vampires
written for teenagers by a French woman
Audience: Teenagers
Creator: French people; Women
Genres/forms: Paranormal fiction; Short stories
Subject: Vampires
Facets
• Each vocabulary is faceted
– An authorized term represents one aspect
– Terms do not overlap in meaning
Concerto scores
Scores for concertos
Concertos
Scores
Faceting
• Each vocabulary is faceted
– Coding
• LCGFT: repeated field 655
• LCMPT: repeated subfields in field 382
–
–
–
–
Subfield $a: medium of performance
Subfield $b: soloist
Subfield $d: doubling instrument
Subfield $p: alternative medium of performance
• LCDGT: repeated $a in fields 385, 386
Faceting
100 1# $a Vivaldi, Antonio, $d 1678-1741.
240 10 $a Cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione.
$k Selections; $o arranged
245 14 $a The seasons / $c Antonio Vivaldi ;
arranged for concertante harpsichord,
transverse flute and viola da gamba by
Joseph Kimbel.
300 ## $a 1 score (iii, 66 pages) ; $c 23 x 31 cm + $a
2 parts ; $c 31 cm
650 #0 $a Trios (Harpsichord, flute, viola da gamba),
Arranged $v Scores and parts.
Faceting
100 1# $a Vivaldi, Antonio, $d 1678-1741.
240 10 $a Cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione. $k Selections
245 14 $a The seasons / $c Antonio Vivaldi ; arranged for
concertante harpsichord, transverse flute and viola da gamba by
Joseph Kimbel.
300 ## $a 1 score (iii, 66 pages) ; $c 23 x 31 cm + $a 2 parts ; $c 31
cm
382 01 $a harpsichord $n 1 $a flute $n 1 $a viola de gamba $n 1 $s
3
$2 lcmpt
655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Arrangements (Music) $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Parts (Music) $2 lcgft
Faceting
100 1# $a Vivaldi, Antonio, $d 1678-1741.
240 10 $a Cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione. $k Selections
245 14 $a The seasons / $c Antonio Vivaldi ; arranged for concertante
harpsichord, transverse flute and viola da gamba by Joseph
Kimbel.
300 ## $a 1 score (iii, 66 pages) ; $c 23 x 31 cm + $a 2 parts ; $c 31 cm
382 01 $a harpsichord $n 1 $a flute $n 1 $a viola de gamba $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt
386 ## $a Italians $a Men $2 lcdgt
655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Arrangements (Music) $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Parts (Music) $2 lcgft
Status of Music Projects
• Music genre/form terms
– Still negotiating approximately a hundred proposed
terms
• Terms will appear on monthly Tentative Lists
– PSD is not accepting proposals for new or revised
terms at this time
– Announcement of LC implementation is
forthcoming
• Medium of performance terms
– Accepting proposals through the SACO Music
Funnel
– LC implemented in spring 2014
Impact on LCSH
• No immediate impact
– All form headings and form subdivisions remain
valid
– Application
• Non-musical works: continue to assign subject headings
as always, in addition to terms from LCGFT
• Musical works: begin to assign LCMPT and LCGFT if
appropriate; may continue to assign LCSH form
headings for now
Impact on LCSH
• Future plans
– Existing bibliographic records will be updated
– Music form headings not used for works about
music will be cancelled
– Music form subdivisions will be cancelled if used
only with a form heading
Availability of Records
• LCGFT
– Classification Web
– Free PDF: http://www.loc.gov/aba/
– LC’s authorities website: http://authorities.loc.gov
– LC’s Linked Data Service: http://id.loc.gov
– LC’s MARC Distribution Service SubjectAuthorities product
Availability of Records
• LCMPT
– Classification Web
– Free PDF: http://www.loc.gov/aba/
– LC’s Linked Data Service: http://id.loc.gov
– LCMPT free downloads page:
http://classificationweb.net/LCMPT/
The New Music Vocabularies
Beth Iseminger
Harvard University
History and Groups
Library of Congress
Music Library Association BCC Genre/Form Task Force
Music Library Association BCC Subject Access Subcommittee
Definitions Used by the Task Force
Genre
• A class, type, or category, sanctioned by convention
Form
• The constructive or organizing element in music
Medium of performance
• The voices, instruments, and other entities necessary to perform a piece
• Includes instruments, instrumental ensembles, vocal types and ranges,
vocal ensembles, mixed ensembles, and objects used as instruments
Early Process
Review existing LCSH terms and add any missing terms
Add new terms from reference sources
• New Grove 2nd edition
• Garland Encyclopedia of World Music
Sources Used by the Task Force
Examples of Terms Found Outside of LCSH
Lots of Terms!
•
Using these sources resulted in huge lists of terms, especially for
world music genres and instruments
•
The project scope was therefore narrowed to include only LCSH
terms, with a few exceptions
Decisions Made
To separate genre/form and medium facets when they were
combined in one LCSH heading
To simplify the syntax for medium terms by eliminating the word
“music”
• “violin” not “Violin music”
Separating Facets
Move from pre-coordinated strings to post-coordinated facets
Medium indexed separately, not as part of a string
• violin 1 / piano 1
• Sonatas (Violin and piano)
Other facets also separated – language, geography, nationality
• Post-coordinating these facets offers granularity
• Necessary in linked data environment
Facets for Music
Genre
Musique concrète
Form
Motets / Symphonies
Medium of performance
Format
Associated place/Geography
Date of work/Time period
Numeric designation
Key
Language
Audience
Bluegrass music /
Dastgāhs /
Soprano voice / Viola / Zither
Vocal scores
Kenya / Florence, Italy / Middle West
1824
op. 125
D minor
French
Children’s songs
Facets for Creators
Class of persons
Ethnicity of the creator
composers
Gender of the creator
Nationality of the creator
Music by gay composers
Music by African American
Music by women composers
Music by French composers
Using Facets
Simpler to identify individual facets; easier for training
Ex. vocal score of a song for soprano and orchestra
• Identify medium = soprano with piano
• Identify genre = song ; arrangement
• Identify format = vocal score
Assign faceted terms:
• 1 soprano, 1 piano, Songs, Arrangements (Music), Vocal scores
• Versus the string: “Songs (High voice) with orchestra $v Vocal scores
with piano”
Displaying Facets – Chamber Music Medium
Displaying Facets – Alternate Medium
Displaying Facets – Medium versus Subject
Using Multiple Facets
Music LCGFT Terms
Hermine Vermeij
UCLA
Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms
(LCGFT)
• LCGFT has been around for a while, but the music terms were just
added … last week!
• 567 terms in the first release, with some more in the pipeline.
LCGFT Hierarchy – Top Terms
Music
Accompaniments (Music)
Arrangements (Music)
Art music
Chants
Dramatic music
Folk music
Functional music
Glitch music
Humorous music
Medleys (Music)
Notated music
Popular music
Sacred music
Songs
Sound art
Teaching pieces (Music)
World music
LCGFT – Art music
Art music
Aʼak
Aleatory music
Anthems
Ballades (Instrumental music)
Barcaroles
Cadenzas
Canons (Music)
Cantatas
Carnatic music
Chamber music
Chinese operas
Chorale preludes
Concert etudes
Concertos
Dastgāhs
Dialogues (Music)
Fanfares
Finales (Music)
Fugues
Gagaku
Hát ả đào
Hát bội
Heike biwa
Hindustani music
Honkyoku
Interludes
Kacapi-suling
Kacapi-suling
Malhūn
Ma'lūf
Maqāmāt (Iraqi music)
Microtonal music
Minimal music
Monologues (Music)
Musique concrète
Nhạ̣̣̣c tài tứ
Nō music
Oratorios
Organ masses
Overtures
Partimenti
Pastoral music
Phlēng thao
Preludes (Music)
Program music
Quodlibets
Ragas
Rhapsodies (Music)
Romances (Music)
Rondos
Scherzos
Sicilianas (Music)
Sonatas
Song cycles
Songs without words (Instrumental music)
Soundscapes (Music)
Spectral music
Stochastic music
Suites
Symphonies
Taech’wit’a
Text-sound compositions
Third stream (Music)
Toccatas
Variations (Music)
Vọng cố
LCGFT – Dramatic music
Dramatic music
Ballad operas
Ballets (Music)
Bangsawan
Barong (Music)
Ch’anggŭk
Chinese operas
Congadas (Music)
Dialogues (Music)
Entremés (Music)
Hát bội
Hát chèo (Music)
Hira gasy
Incidental music
Katarimono
Kecak (Music)
Liturgical dramas (Music)
Madrigal comedies
Masques (Music)
Melodramas
Modern dance music
Monologues (Music)
Motion picture music
Musical theater
Musicals
Nāḍagam
Operas
Oratorios
P’ansori
Pantomimes (Music)
Rappresentazioni sacre
(Music)
Revues
Serenatas
Wayang music
LCGFT – Folk music
Folk music
Aleke
Blues (Music)
Cajun music
Calpyso (Music)
Celtic music
Congadas (Music)
Flamenco music
Folk dance music
Folk-rock music
Folk songs
Gaitas (Venezuelan music)
Guaguancós
Hát chèo
Huaylas (Music)
Huaynos
Isicathamiya
Klezmer music
Kolos (Music)
Kuyis
Maloya (Music)
Mandó
Mariachi (Music)
Morris dances (Music)
Mouth music
Música sertaneja
Nāḍagam
Norteño (Music)
Old-time music
Palos (Music)
P’ansori
Plenas
Polkabilly music
Rebetika
Sanjo
Schrammelmusik
Soca (Music)
Sones
Soukous (Music)
Square dance music
Tejano music
Vallenato (Music)
LCGFT – Notated music
Notated music
Musical sketches
Part books
Parts (Music)
Scores
Service books (Music)
Songbooks
Tune-books
LCGFT – Popular music
Popular music
Agbadja modern (Music)
Arabesk (Popular music)
Bachata
Bailā (Music)
Banda (Music)
Beatboxing
Bhangra (Music)
Bikutsi
Blues (Music)
Boogaloos (Music)
Bossa nova (Music)
Brega (Music)
Cajun music
Calypso (Music)
Campursari
Candombes (Music)
Cavachas (Music)
Celtic music
Chaabi
Champeta (Music)
Chanchona (Music)
Chicha
Choros
Chutney (Music)
Country music
Cover versions
Cumbia (Music)
Dangdut
Dansi (Music)
Danzones (Music)
Disco (Music)
Electronica (Music)
Enka
Forró (Music)
Fuji (Music)
Funana (Music)
Funk (Music)
Gaitas (Venezuelan music)
Gospel music
Gumbé (Music)
Habaneras (Music)
High-life (Music)
Huaylas (Music)
Huaynos
Jazz
Jingles (Advertising songs)
Juju music
Kanto (Popular music)
Karaoke
Kaskawi (Music)
Keroncong
Klezmer music
Konkoma
Kwaito
Kwaya
Latin pop
Lounge music
Lundus
Makossa (Music)
Maloya (Music)
Mandó (Music)
Mangue (Music)
Mariachi (Music)
Mbalax
Mbaqanga
Mchiriku
Minstrel music
Modinhas
Mornas (Music)
Murgas
Música sertaneja
Música tropical
New Age music
Norteño (Music)
Old-time music
Ragtime music
Rai (Music)
Rap (Music)
Rapso
Rebetika
Reggae music
Remixes (Music)
Rock music
Rocksteady (Music)
Rumbas (Music)
Salsa (Music)
Schrammelmusik
Ska (Music)
Skiffle
Sones
Soukous (Music)
Soul music
Steampunk music
Swamp pop music
Taraab (Music)
Tejano music
Timba (Music)
Tropicália (Music)
Tspapiky (Music)
Turbo-folk (Music)
Vallenato (Music)
Waila music
Worldbeat (Music)
Zouk (Music)
LCGFT – Other hierarchies
Derivative works
Arrangements (Music)
llustrated works
Fingering charts
Informational works
Fingering charts
Thematic catalogs
Instructional and educational
works
Master classes
Teaching pieces
Literature
Librettos
Sound recordings
Cover versions
Human sounds
Player piano accompaniments
Remixes (Music)
Samplers (Sound recordings)
Highlights of the Vocabularies
Thom Pease
Library of Congress
Top Terms
Music
Art music
Chants
Folk music
Popular music
World music
Sound art
Dramatic music
Functional music
Popular music
Sacred music
Songs
Arrangements (Music)
New Terms
• Filling gaps in the hierarchy (Art music, Event music, Functional
music, Notated music)
• Split and separated terms
• Some new terms (which have literary warrant and scope
notes)
• New terms to replace former form subdivisions
• Examples: Preludes, Sea chanteys (vs. Sea songs)
Split terms
• Rounds (Music)
• Canons (Music)
• Fugues
What’s not there
• Individual psalms and other texts of sacred music not
considered forms.
• Still there: Masses, Requiems, Psalms (Music)
• Headings denoting medium of performance and/or the
number of instruments (Quartets, nonets and String quartets,
Piano trios, Woodwind quintets)
• Terms which just meant popular music or folk music, etc. of a
particular country or region.
Passionate discussions
• Lots of terms with implicit facets to them (Nations, ethnicities,
time periods, language, audience & creator/contributor
characteristics)
• Many terms inherently instrumental or vocal.
• The loss of cross-references under pre-coordinated strings,
and their narrower terms.
• Narrower definitions of terms long in use
Taking Chances
• Performing arts terms
• Other general terms proposed
• Event and expression terms
• Master classes, Concerts, recitals, Benefit performances, Concert
tours, etc.
Form terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Antiphonaries
Kyriales
Lead sheets
Missals (Service books)
Parts (Music)
Thematic catalogs (Music)
Tune books
Those that didn’t make it
• DESPAIR NOT!
• More tentative and approved lists to come.
• New terms can be proposed, hierarchies can be changed, and
existing terms can be changed.
• Collaborating with other groups to fill in the hierarchy for
terms that border music and are multi-disciplinary
Issues to work through
•
•
•
•
•
Expression and manifestation terms
Terms which overlap with other projects
Performing arts & visual arts, multimedia terms.
Events vs. terms in SR/MI hierarchies
Just ran out of time to get everything in before the deadline.
PART II
Best Practices
for using LCMPT
Kevin Kishimoto
University of Chicago
Provisional Best Practices for Using LCMPT
(April 7, 2014, with corrections May 16, 2014)
prepared by MLA Subject Access Subcommittee
PDF on BCC website under “Resources”
LCMPT hierarchy
performer
ensemble
visuals
LCMPT hierarchy
performer
voice
ensemble
visuals
instrument
- aerophone
- wind instrument
- woodwind instrument
- reed instrument
- single reed instrument
LCMPT hierarchy
performer
ensemble
single reed instrument
saxophone
alto saxophone
clarinet
visuals
LCMPT hierarchy
performer
ensemble
singer
male voice
high voice
tenor voice
soprano voice
visuals
LCMPT hierarchy
performer
ensemble
instrument
aerophone
keyboard instrument
organ
visuals
LCMPT hierarchy
performer
ensemble
audience
continuo
electronics
visuals
MARC 382
LCMPT terms
Choose most specific LCMPT term
Use term as it appears in LCMPT
● not capitalized in most cases
● singular in most cases
382 indicators
***bib records only
382 0#
for authority records
382 01
for bibliographic records
$a = Medium of performance
382 01 $a piano
382 01 $a flute $a piano
382 01 $a mixed chorus $a orchestra
$n = Number of performers of same medium
382 01 $a piano $n 1
382 01 $a flute $n 2 $a piano $n 1
$n = Number of performers of same medium
382 01 $a piano $n 1
382 01 $a flute $n 2 $a piano $n 1
... but no $n for ensembles
382 01 $a mixed chorus $n $a orchestra $n
future...
382 01 $a mixed chorus $e 2 $a orchestra $e 1
$n = Number of performers of same medium
Do not enter $n if the number of performers is
unknown or variable
382 01 $a singer $n
382 01 $a performer $n
$s = Total number of performers
382 01 $a piano $n 1 $s 1
382 01 $a flute $n 2 $a piano $n 1 $s 3
... but no $s for ensembles
382 01 $a mixed chorus $a orchestra $s
... and no $s if total unknown or variable
382 01 $a performer $s
$2 lcmpt
382 01 $a piano $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a flute $n 2 $a piano $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a mixed chorus $a orchestra $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a performer $2 lcmpt
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Determine medium of performance
Choose term(s) from LCMPT
Do not alter terms
Use MARC 382 field
Each term in separate $a
Follow $a with number of performers in $n
Total number of performers in $s after last $n
$2 lcmpt
$b = Soloist
382 01 $b soprano voice $n 1 $a orchestra $2 lcmpt
382 01 $b violin $n 2 $a orchestra $2 lcmpt
382 01 $b cello $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1
$a cello $n 1 $s 5 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a high voice $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
$d = Doubling instrument (voice)
382 01 $a flute $n 1 $d piccolo $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a soprano voice $n 1 $d vocal percussion
$n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a singer $n 1 $d guitar $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt
$p = Alternative medium of performance
382 01 $a soprano voice $n 1 $p tenor voice $n 1
$a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a flute $n 1 $p oboe $n 1 $p recorder $n 1
$p violin $n 1 $a harpsichord $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
Multiple 382s for alternatives
work for string quartet OR string orchestra
382 01 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 4
$2 lcmpt
382 01 $a string orchestra $2 lcmpt
*alternative mediums of performance for a single work
Multiple 382s for “ad libitum” parts
382 01 $a soprano voice $n 1 $a violin $n 1
$a piano $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a soprano voice $n 1 $a piano $n 1
$s 2 $2 lcmpt
*alternative mediums of performance for a single work
$v = Note
382 01 $a mixed chorus $v SATB $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a piano $n 2 $s 2 $v piano, 4 hands $2 lcmpt
... and from the last slide
382 01 $a soprano voice $n 1 $a violin $n 1
$a piano $n 1 $s 3 $v violin ad lib. $2 lcmpt
Order of LCMPT Terms
Use cataloger’s judgment
● score order?
● order listed on title page?
● other order?
First indicator 1 =
Partial medium of performance
382 11 $a trumpet $n 1 $2 lcmpt
*trumpet with other undescribed instruments
Standard chamber ensembles
382 01 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1
$s 4 $2 lcmpt
string quartet
382 01 $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $a piano $n 1
$s 3 $2 lcmpt
piano trio
382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a oboe $n 1 $a clarinet $n 1
$a horn $n 1 $a bassoon $n 1 $s 5 $2 lcmpt
wind
Bi-level MOP
382 01 $a flute choir $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a piccolo $n 2 $a flute $n 8 $a alto flute $n 4
$a bass flute $n 2 $s 16 $2 lcmpt
*same medium, two descriptions
Bi-level MOP
382 01 $a violin $n 1 $a continuo $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a violin $n 1 $a theorbo $n 1 $a organ $n 1
$s 3 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a percussion $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a marimba $n 1 $d bass drum $n 1
$d triangle $n 1 $d cymbal $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt
*same medium, two descriptions
Tri-level[?] MOP -- Spem in alium
382 01 $a singer $n 40 $s 40 $2 lcmpt [40 singers]
382 01 $a soprano voice $n 8 $a alto voice $n 8
$a tenor voice $n 8 $a baritone voice $n 8
$a bass voice $n 8 $s 40 $2 lcmpt
[5 voice types, 8
singers each]
382 01 $a solo vocal ensemble $v SATBarB $e 8
Topics still in flux
●
●
●
●
●
instruments played not played with two hands
continuo
percussion
electronics
visuals
LCGFT Best Practices
Casey Mullin
Stanford University
Provisional Best Practices for Using LCGFT for Music
Resources
• Even more provisional than the LCMPT best practices!
• Hot off the press; to be published shortly after MOUG/MLA
meeting
• More detailed guidance will emerge as community application
matures
– You are our guinea pigs. Get to work!
• LCMPT and LCGFT best practices eventually covered in
forthcoming LC manual
MARC 655
MARC 655
• $a (Genre/form term)
• $2 (Source of term)
– $2 lcgft
• Subdivisions ($v, $x, $y, $z)
– Do not use any subdivisions with LCGFT terms.
General guidelines
Generally choose the most specific term available and
appropriate.
655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
NOT
655 #7 $a Art music. $2 lcgft
General guidelines
If the work being cataloged combines aspects of two genres/forms
that are in different hierarchies, or exemplifies more than one
genre/form, give multiple terms as appropriate.
An art song:
655 #7 $a Songs. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Art music. $2 lcgft
An album of pop songs:
655 #7 $a Songs. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Popular music. $2 lcgft
General guidelines
For notated music resources, assign one or more terms appropriate to
the format of notated music, in addition to any genre/form terms
describing the musical work. Generally observe the RDA definitions of
these formats.
A set of parts with score of a string quartet:
655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Parts (Music) $2 lcgft
A solo piano work:
655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft
Art music and Folk music
• Do not use the terms “Art music” or “Folk music” for the music
of cultures that have no art/folk music division.
• Use “Art music” for works of art music that cannot be
described using more specific terms in the Art music hierarchy,
and for works of art music otherwise described by terms that
are not in the Art music hierarchy (e.g., Songs, Dance music).
A bourrée for harpsichord:
655 #7 $a Bourrées (Music) $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Art music. $2 lcgft
Chamber music
• Use “Chamber music” (or one of its narrower terms) for works of art
music for 2 or more performers whose medium is described in terms
of individual instruments/voices and/or by unspecified ensemble
terms (e.g., “bowed string ensemble”). Generally do not use
“Chamber music” for:
– Works for larger ensembles (e.g., orchestra, band, chorus)
– Art songs with piano
– Music for solo performers
• No scope note; use judgment in edge cases!
• Did we mention the “provisional” part?
Use with LCSH
Until LCGFT terms are fully implemented and a method for converting genre and medium of
performance terms currently coded as LCSH:
• Use LCMPT terms in 382
• Use LCGFT terms in 655
• Continue to use LCSH terms (Genre/form, medium of performance & mixed headings) in
650 field according to the guidelines in the Subject Headings Manual
382 01 $b bassoon $n 1 $a orchestra $e 1 $2 lcmpt
650 #0 $a Concertos (Bassoon)
655 #7 $a Concertos .$2 lcgft
382 01 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt
650 #0 $a String quartets.
655 #7 $a Chamber music. $2 lcgft
Use of LCMPT and LCGFT in cataloging
Hermine Vermeij
UCLA
Where will I be seeing these things?
• Bibliographic records
• Authority records
Bibliographic Records
• 380 ## $a [Genre/form term] $2 lcgft
• 382 01 $a [Medium of performance term] $2 lcmpt
• 655 #7 $a [Genre/form term] $2 lcgft
Authority Records
• 380 ## $a [Genre/form term] $2 lcgft
• 382 0# $a [Medium of performance term] $2 lcmpt
Where do I access the vocabularies?
• Classification Web
• Connexion
(G/F only)
• id.loc.gov
So I have to do extra work?
• Yes, for now.
• Still assigning subject headings to musical works in addition to
genre/form and medium of performance terms.
• Eventually, we will not be assigning LCSH to musical works
unless they are topical subjects.
Typical bib record for a score
100 1# $a Telemann, Georg Philipp, $d 1681-1767, $e composer.
240 10 $a Concertos, $m flute, string orchestra, $n TWV 51:G1,
$r G major
…
382 01 $b flute $n 1 $a string orchestra $e 1 $2 lcmpt
650 #0 $a Concertos (Flute with string orchestra) $v Scores.
655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft
Typical authority record for a work
046 ## $k 1936
100 1# $a Prokofiev, Sergey, $d 1891-1953. $t Detskie pesni
380 1# $a Songs $2 lcgft
382 0# $a singer $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
…
What if I don’t know what to do when [insert crazy
situation here]?
•
•
•
•
Check LCMPT and LCGFT best practices
Take a guess!
Or start a conversation on an email list
This is new for all of us, and we’re trying to figure out where
the holes are.
• Your problem might eventually make its way into the next
version of best practices.
BREAK!
Part III
Examples
Example – Bi-level 382 assignment
Example – Bi-level 382 assignment
100 1_ Nelson, Oliver, $d 1932-1975, $e composer, $e arranger of music.
245 10 Flute salad : $b a terrific addition to any program : as recorded on "Sound pieces" by the Oliver
Nelson Orchestra / $c composed and arranged by Oliver Nelson ; edited by Robert Curnow.
382 01 big band $2 lcmpt
382 01 flute $n 4 $a alto saxophone $n 2 $a tenor saxophone $n 2 $a baritone saxophone $n 1 $a bass
clarinet $n 1 $a trumpet $n 2 $d flugelhorn $n 2 $a trumpet $n 2 $a trombone $n 3 $a bass trombone
$n 1 $a piano $n 1 $a electric guitar $n 1 $a double bass $n 1 $a drum set $n 1 $s 22 $2 lcmpt
500 __ For jazz band (4 flutes (optional), 5 saxophones, bass clarinet (optional), 4 trumpets (2 doubling
flugelhorn), 4 trombones, piano, guitar (optional), bass, and drums).
650 _0 Big band music $v Scores and parts.
650 _0 Jazz $y 1961-1970.
655 _7 Jazz. $2 lcgft
655 _7 Scores. $2 lcgft
655 _7 Parts (Music) $2 lcgft
Example #1: Popular music
245 10 Super Afro soul [sound recording] / Orlando Julius.
382 01 $a singer $n 1 $a instrumental ensemble $e 1 $2 lcmpt
500$a Previously released selections from his 1966 debut album (Strut
Records).
511 0 $a Orlando Julius, vocals ; with accompanying musicians.
650 _0 $a Popular music $z Nigeria $y 1961-1970.
655 _7 $a Afrobeat. $2 lcgft
655_7 $a Popular music. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $a Highlife (Music) $2 lcgft
Example #2: Popular music
245 00
650 _0
650 _0
655 _7
655 _7
$a Dos grandes de Sinaloa [sound recording].
$a Popular music $a Mexico $y 1991-2000.
$a Banda (Music)
$a Popular music. $a lcgft
$a Banda (Music) $2 lcgft
Example: Ethnic Medium and Associated Place
245 00 $a Spiridon
382 01 $a Jew’s harp $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt
370 __ $c Russia (Federation) $f Sakha (Russia) $2 lcsh
500 __ Traditional khomus music from Sakha province,
Russia.
650 _0 Folk music $z Russia (Federation) $z Sakha.
655 _7 Folk music. $2 lcgft
Example: Ethnic Medium and Associated Place
245 00 $a Urban music of the Edo period (1603-1868)
370 __ $c Japan $2 lcsh
382 01 $a shakuhachi $n 1 $a shamisen $n 1 $a koto $n
1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt
500 __ $a Classical music from Japan for shakuhachi,
shamisen, and koto.
650 _0 $a Music $z Japan.
655 _7 $a Art music. $2 lcgft
Example: No genre
100 1# $a Tanguy, Eric, $e composer.
240 10 $a Duet, $m flute, clarinet
245 10 $a Duo pour flûte & clarinette en si bémol (1994) / $c Eric
Tanguy.
…
382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a clarinet $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
650 #0 $a Clarinet and flute music $v Scores.
655 #7 $a Chamber music. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works
245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos.
...
505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth
obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et
violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle /
Hagen.
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works
245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos.
...
505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth
obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et
violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle /
Hagen.
382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a continuo $2 lcmpt
655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works
245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos.
...
505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth
obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et
violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle /
Hagen.
382 01 $a baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt
655 #7 $a Suites. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works
245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos.
...
505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth
obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et
violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle /
Hagen.
382 01 $a baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt
655 #7 $a Suites. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works
245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos.
...
505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth
obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et
violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle /
Hagen.
382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a cello $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt
655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works
245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos.
...
505 0# Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et b.c. / Fasch -- Cassation pour luth
obligé, violon et violoncelle / Haydn -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons et
violoncelle / Kohaut -- Concerto pour luth, 2 violons, alto et violoncelle /
Hagen.
382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 5
$2 lcmpt
655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works
245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos.
...
382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a continuo $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a cello $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 5
$2 lcmpt
...
655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Suites. $2 lcgft
Example: Sound recording w/ multiple works
245 00 Lautenkonzerte = $b Concerti pour luth = Lute concertos.
...
382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a continuo $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 3 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a cello $n 1 $s 4 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $b baroque lute $n 1 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 5
$2 lcmpt
650 #0 Concertos (Lute with instrumental ensemble)
650 #0 Suites (Lute, violin, cello)
650 #0 Concertos (Lute with string ensemble)
655 #7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Suites. $2 lcgft
Exercises
Exercise
100 1# $a Paganini, Nicolò, $d 1782-1840,
$e composer.
245 10 Sonata concertata : $b per chitarra e
violino : M.S.2 / $c Niccolò Paganini.
...
382 __________
...
650 __________
655 __________
655 __________
Exercise
100 1# $a Paganini, Nicolò, $d 1782-1840,
$e composer.
245 10 Sonata concertata : $b per chitarra e
violino : M.S.2 / $c Niccolò Paganini.
...
382 01 $a guitar $n 1 $a violin $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
...
650 #0 Sonatas (Violin and guitar) $v Scores.
655 #7 Sonatas. $2 lcgft
655 #7 Scores. $2 lcgft
Exercise
100 1# Piazzolla, Astor, $e composer.
245 10 Histoire du tango : $b pour flûte et guitare /
$c Astor Piazzolla.
...
382 __________
...
650 __________
650 __________
655 __________
655 __________
655 __________
Exercise
100 1# Piazzolla, Astor, $e composer.
245 10 Histoire du tango : $b pour flûte et guitare /
$c Astor Piazzolla.
...
382 01 $a flute $n 1 $a guitar $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
...
650 #0 Tangos.
650 #0 Flute and guitar music $v Scores.
655 #7 Tangos (Music) $2 lcgft
655 #7 Art music. $2 lcgft
655 #7 Scores. $2 lcgft
Exercise #1: Popular music
245 10 Love celebration devotion [sound recording] : live in concert /
Maria Bethânia.
$a Recorded live, Vivo Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Mar. 12-13, 2010.
650 _0 $a Popular music |z Brazil |y 2001-2010.
650 _0 $a Songs, Portuguese.
655 _7 $a _______________. $2 ____
655 _7 $a _______________. $2 ____
Exercise #1 (Popular Music: Answers)
245 10 Love celebration devotion [sound recording] : live in concert /
Maria Bethânia.
$a Recorded live, Vivo Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Mar. 12-13, 2010.
650 _0 $a Popular music |z Brazil |y 2001-2010.
650 _0 $a Songs, Portuguese.
655 _7 $a Popular music $2 lcgft
655 _7 $a Songs $2 lcgft
Another exercise: Popular music
245 10 $a Broadway, USA! Vol. 5, Little bit gay [sound recording] : gay
musical / music and lyrics by Cude & Pickens.
650 _0 $a Revues.
650 _0 $a Gay men $v Songs and music.
655 _7 $a _____________. $2 ____
Broadway, USA! (answers)
245 10 $a Broadway, USA! Vol. 5, Little bit gay [sound recording] : gay
musical / music and lyrics by Cude & Pickens.
650 _0 $a Revues.
650 _0 $a Gay men $v Songs and music.
655 _7 $a _Revues. $2 lcgft_
655 _7 $a _Popular music_ $2 lcgft
Exercise #3
245 00 $a Sounds from a bygone age. Vol. 3, Dona Dumitru Siminica.
518
$a Recorded in the early 1960s at Electrecord Studio,
Romania.
650 _0 $a Popular music $z Romania $y 1961-1970.
655 _7 $a __________. $2 ____
Exercise #3 (answers)
245 00 $a Sounds from a bygone age. Vol. 3, Dona Dumitru Siminica.
518
$a Recorded in the early 1960s at Electrecord Studio,
Romania.
650 _0 $a Popular music $z Romania $y 1961-1970.
655 _7 $a _Popular music.
Exercise #4 (slide #1)
245 10 $a At home with friends [sound recording].
511 0_ $a Joshua Bell, violin ; with various featured performers.
518$a Recorded Apr.-Aug. 2009.
505 0_ $a I loves you Porgy |r (featuring Chris Botti, trumpet) -|t Come again |r (featuring Sting, vocals) -- |t Oblivión |r (featuring
Carel Kraayenhof, bandoneon) -- |t Cinema Paradiso |r (featuring Josh
Groban, vocals) -- |t Para tí |r (featuring Tiempo Libre) -- |t My funny
Valentine |r (featuring Kristin Chenoweth, vocals) -- |t Maybe
so |r (featuring Edgar Meyer, double bass, Sam Bush, mandolin, and
Mike Marshall, guitar) …[etc.]
Exercise #4 (slide #2)
650 _0 $a Popular music $y 2001-2010.
650 _0 $a Jazz $y 2001-2010.
650 _0 $a Chamber music.
655 _7 $a _____________. $2 ____
655 _7 $a ______________. $2 _____
655 _7 $a ______________. $2 _____
Exercise #4 (answers)
650 _0 $a Popular music $y 2001-2010.
650 _0 $a Jazz $y 2001-2010.
650 _0 $a Chamber music.
655 _7 $a _Popular music. $2 _lcgft_
655 _7 $a _Jazz. $2 _lcgft____
655 _7 $a _Chamber music. $2 _lcgft_
Exercise – Art music compilation
Exercise – Art music compilation
100 1_ Bridge, Frank, $e composer.
245 10 Early chamber music / $c Frank Bridge.
505 0_ String sextet in E flat major (1906-12) (27:02) -- Lament for two
violas (1912) (8:51) -- String quintet in E minor (1901) (30:07).
650 _0 String sextets (Violins (2), violas (2), cellos (2))
650 _0 String quintets (Violins (2), violas (2), cello)
650 _0 Viola music (Violas (2))
Exercise – Art music compilation
382 01 $a ___________ $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a ___________ $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a ___________ $2 lcmpt
655 _7 $3 1st work: $a ___________. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $3 2nd work: $a ___________. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $3 3rd work: $a ___________. $2 lcgft
Exercise – Art music compilation
382 01 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 2 $a cello $n 2 $s 6 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a viola $n 2 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
382 01 $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 2 $a cello $n 1 $s 5 $2 lcmpt
655 _7 $a Chamber music. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $3 2nd work: $a ___________. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $3 3rd work: $a ___________. $2 lcgft
Exercise: Extra credit 1
100 0# $a Raffi, $e composer, $e performer.
245 10 $a Baby beluga.
300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in.
385 ## ______________
650 #0 $a Children’s songs.
655 #7 ______________
Exercise: Extra credit 1 (answers)
100 0# $a Raffi, $e composer, $e performer.
245 10 $a Baby beluga.
300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in.
385 ## $a Children $2 lcsh [a potential solution]
650 #0 $a Children’s songs.
655 #7 $a Songs. $2 lcgft
Exercise: Extra credit 2
046 ## ______________
245 00 $a Masterpieces of French harpsichord music.
300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in.
370 ## ______________
382 01 ______________
388 2# ______________
650 #0 $a Harpsichord music $z France $y 18th century.
655 #7 ______________
Exercise: Extra credit 2 (answers)
046 ## $k 18
245 00 $a Masterpieces of French harpsichord music.
300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in.
370 ## $g France $2 naf [a potential solution]
382 01 $a harpsichord $n 1 $s 1 $2 lcmpt
388 2# $a 18th century [a potential solution]
650 #0 $a Harpsichord music $z France $y 18th century.
655 #7 $a Art music. $2 lcgft
Exercise: Ethnic music
245 00 $a Andes : $b les flûtes du soleil.
300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in.
370 ## ________________________
382 11 ________________________
386 ## ________________________
500 ## $a Principally instrumental folk music featuring Andean flutes.
650 #0 $a Folk music $z Andes Region.
650 #0 $a Folk songs, Spanish $z Andes Region.
650 #0 $a Indians of South America $z Andes Region $v Music.
650 #0 $a Panpipes ensembles.
655 #7 ________________________
655 #7 ________________________
Exercise: Ethnic music (answers)
245 00 $a Andes : $b les flûtes du soleil.
300 ## $a 1 audio disc ; $c 4 3/4 in.
370 ## $g Andes Region $2 lcsh [a potential solution]
382 11 $a panpipes ensemble $2 lcmpt
386 ## $a Indians of South America $2 lcsh [a potential solution]
500 ## $a Principally instrumental folk music featuring Andean flutes.
650 #0 $a Folk music $z Andes Region.
650 #0 $a Folk songs, Spanish $z Andes Region.
650 #0 $a Indians of South America $z Andes Region $v Music.
650 #0 $a Panpipes ensembles.
655 #7 $a Folk music. $2 lcgft
655 #7 $a Folk songs. $2 lcgft
Part IV
LCGFT & LCMPT in
Library Systems
LCGFT & LCMPT in Library Systems
●
●
●
●
Display
Indexing
Facets
Search
Display
How should LCGFT & LCMPT vocabularies look in
the catalog record display?
● What data should be displayed?
● Where should it be displayed?
● Should this data also be displayed in results lists?
LCGFT Display (MARC 655)
●
●
●
●
Locate near subject headings?
Use display label “Genre / Form”?
Display 655 $a
Do not display 655 “$2 lcgft”
Note: There are other genre / form thesauri (and nonthesaurus terms) which are also coded in 655. Some
of these 655s contain subfields
LCMPT Display (MARC 382)
●
●
●
●
Location?
Display constant?
Order of MOP terms?
Punctuation?
LCMPT Display (MARC 382)
● Location?
o Near the genre / form terms?
o Near the physical description?
o Somewhere else?
LCMPT Display (MARC 382)
● Location?
● Display constant?
o “Medium of performance”?
o “Instrumentation”?
o “Performance medium”?
o “Performing forces”?
o “Partial medium of performance”?
LCMPT Display (MARC 382)
● Location?
● Display constant?
● Order of MOP terms?
o Display in order as coded in 382
o Should soloists ($b) always be first?
LCMPT Display (MARC 382)
●
●
●
●
Location?
Display constant?
Order of MOP terms?
Punctuation / labels?
Number of performers ($n)
● No punctuation, just a space?
violin 1
flute 2
guitar 4
● $n in parentheses?
violin(1)
flute(2)
guitar(4)
● $n preceding term?
1 violin
2 flute
● What if no $n?
4 guitar
Punctuation between $a or $b terms
● Comma?
violin(1), flute(1), guitar(1)
● Semicolon?
4 guitar ; orchestra
● Pipe?
electric guitar(1) | bass guitar(1) | drum set(1)
● Nothing but space?
mixed chorus orchestra
Soloist ($b)
● “soloist: ” or “[soloist]”?
soloist:oboe(1), band
oboe(1)[soloist],
band
● “solo”?
solo violin(1) ; solo cello(1) ; orchestra
● “with”?
soprano voice(1) with mixed chorus,
orchestra
● No special indication?
1 piano, percussion ensemble
Alternative MOP ($p)
● “alternative” or “alternatively”?
violin(1) alternatively flute(1), piano(1)
● “ or ”?
violin(1) or flute(1), piano(1)
● “/”?
violin(1)/flute(1), piano(1)
● Possibly drop $n from display after $p?
violin(1) or flute, piano(1)
Doubling MOP ($d)
● “doubling”?
flute(1) doubling piccolo(1), piano(1)
● “+” or “ & ” or “/”?
flute(1)+piccolo(1), piano(1)
flute(1) & piccolo(1), piano(1)
flute(1)/piccolo(1), piano(1)
● Possibly drop $n from display after $d?
flute(1)+piccolo, piano(1)
Note ($v)
● Display text as written
● Indicate note by some punctuation
o Parentheses or brackets?
mixed chorus[SATB]
piano(2)[piano, 4 hands]
o Comma?
mixed chorus, SATB
piano(2), piano, 4 hands
“Easiest”[?!?] recommendations
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Wrap subfields n in parentheses
Wrap subfields v in square brackets
Change all “$a” into “, ”
Change all “$b” into “, soloist: ”
Change all “$p” into “ or ”
Change all “$d” into “+”
Remove first comma ($a or $b preceding first term)
Do not display subfields s or 2
Use a sensible display constant and location
Examples
violin(2), viola(1), cello(1)
soloist: soprano voice(1), mixed chorus[SATB]
flute(1)+alto flute(1), piano(2)[piano, 4 hands]
Partial medium of performance: violin(1) or flute(1) or oboe(1)
* “Legacy” 382s (before publication of LCMPT and best practices)
should display fine, although vocabulary will be different
Indexing
How should LCGFT & LCMPT vocabularies be
indexed to allow proper functionality?
● What data should be indexed?
● How should it be indexed?
LCGFT Indexing (MARC 655)
●
●
●
●
Create a separate genre/form index
Index $a
Do not index $2
Other thesauri also present in 655--index other
subfields?
LCMPT Indexing (MARC 382)
index1: MOP term alone
(without number)
● $a
● $b
● $d
● $p
Keyword index only?
● $v
index2: MOP term and
number together
● $a $n
● $b $n
● $d $n
● $p $n
● $a $e
● $p $e
LCMPT Indexing (MARC 382)
● Only index field if contains “$2 lcmpt”
o If no “$2 lcmpt”, index as keyword only?
● Do NOT index $2
● Not sure what to do with $s
LCMPT Indexing (MARC 382)
string quartet
382 0# $a violin $n 2 $a viola $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $s 4
$2 lcmpt
index1: “violin” “viola” “cello”
index2: “violin 2” “viola 1” “cello 1”
LCMPT Indexing (MARC 382)
piano trio
382 0# $a violin $n 1 $a cello $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 3
$2 lcmpt
index1: “violin” “cello” “piano”
index2: “violin 1” “cello 1” “piano 1”
LCMPT Indexing (MARC 382)
piano quintet: “violin” “viola” “cello” “piano” “violin 2”
“viola 1” “cello 1” “piano 1”
violin and piano: “violin” “piano” “violin 1” “piano 1”
violin soloist with 4-hand piano accompaniment:
“violin” “piano” “piano, 4 hands” “violin 1” “piano 2”
piano duo: “piano” “piano 2”
string quartet
“cello”
X
“piano”
piano trio
piano quintet
X
X
X
X
“viola”
X
“violin”
X
X
X
“cello 1”
X
X
X
X
X
“piano 1”
violin & piano
X
X
X
X
“violin 2”
X
“piano,
4 hands”
X
X
X
X
X
X
“violin 1”
piano duo
X
“piano 2”
“viola 1”
violin, 4-hand
piano
X
X
X
X
X
Facets
How should LCGFT & LCMPT vocabularies be
faceted?
● Create separate facets for “Genre/Form” and
“Medium of Performance” which use the indexes
discussed above
● “AND” the facets, not “OR”
Medium of Performance
piano (5)
violin (5)
cello (3)
cello 1 (3)
piano 1 (3)
more...
Genre/Form
Chamber music (3)
Minuets (Music) (2)
Sonatas (2)
Concertos (1)
Scherzos (1)
more...
Medium of Performance
piano (5)
violin (5)
cello (3)
cello 1 (3)
piano 1 (3)
violin 1 (3)
piano 2 (2)
viola (2)
viola 1 (2)
violin 2 (2)
piano, 4 hands (1)
Genre/Form
Chamber music (3)
Minuets (Music) (2)
Sonatas (2)
Concertos (1)
Scherzos (1)
more...
Current Limits
x Format: Music score
x Medium of Performance:
violin 1
x Medium of Performance:
piano 1
x Genre/Form: Sonatas
Medium of Performance
piano 1 x
violin 1 x
piano (5)
violin (5)
cello (3)
cello 1 (3)
more...
Genre/Form
Sonatas x
Chamber music (3)
Minuets (Music) (2)
Concertos (1)
Scherzos (1)
more...
Medium of Performance
cello (3)
↳ cello 1 (3)
piano (5)
↳ piano 1 (3)
↳ piano 2 (2)
viola (2)
↳ viola 1 (2)
violin (5)
↳ violin 1 (3)
↳ violin 2 (2)
piano, 4 hands (1)
Genre/Form
Chamber music (3)
Minuets (Music) (2)
Sonatas (2)
Concertos (1)
Scherzos (1)
more...
Search
● Current state of LCGFT & LCMPT searches
o Possible to use keyword searches for both
Genre/Form and Medium of Performance
o Some catalogs have separate Genre/Form
search type
o A few home-grown Medium of Performance
search interfaces, but built on MARC 048
Future search interface?...
LCGFT & LCMPT in Library Systems
●
●
●
●
Display
Indexing
Facets
Search
Existing Subject Headings
Casey Mullin
Stanford University
Conversion of legacy 650 “subject” headings
Requirements
• Each 650 should beget, at least, one 382 and/or one 655 field
• Algorithm should work equally well for score and sound recording
records
• Terms in machine-generated fields must be conformant to LCGFT and
LCMPT
• Machine-generated fields should ideally be conformant to MLA best
practices
• Duplicate fields should be removed
• 650 fields retained for the time being
Conversion of legacy 650 “subject” headings
Challenges (to name a few)
• Implicit medium of performance (e.g., “Symphonies”, “Monologues with
music”)
• Differences in vocabulary
• LCSH (“mixed voices”) vs. LCMPT (“mixed chorus”)
• LCSH (“Canons, fugues, etc.”) vs. LCGFT (“Canons” or “Fugues”)
• Completely new terms in LCGFT (“Art music”)
• Identifying solo performers
• True “topical” headings: how to distinguish?
• By presence of certain values in $v? (e.g., “Songs and music”)
• Or don’t worry and just let them “fail” the algorithm?
• Videorecording records?
• Possible influence on best practices
Conversion of legacy 650 “subject” headings
650-to-382 algorithm (draft outline, version 0.1)
1. Isolation and delimiting of raw string of terms expressing or
implying medium of performance
1. Removing non-medium content (particles, punctuation, etc.)
2. Generating implied medium terms based on certain form/genre terms
2. Mapping delimited MOP terms to 382 field
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Converting terms to singular
Converting terms to authorized LCMPT form
Identifying solo performers
Addition of $n or $e after each term
Addition of $s
Conversion of legacy 650 “subject” headings
650-to-382 algorithm (example)
650 _0 $a Sonatas (Violin and piano)
Sonatas (Violin and piano)
Violin and piano
Violin|piano
382 _1 $2 lcmpt
382 _1 $a Violin $a piano $2 lcmpt
382 _1 $a Violin $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $2 lcmpt
382 _1 $a Violin $n 1 $a piano $n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
Conversion of legacy 650 “subject” headings
Timeline
(work done primarily by BCC Subject Access Subcommittee)
• Fall 2014
• 048-to-382 mapping created
• H1917.5 studied for 650 patterns and permutations
• January-February 2015: 650-to-382 algorithm drafted
• Spring 2015
• Refinement of 650-to-382 algorithm
• Drafting and refinement of 650-to-655 algorithm
• Summer-Fall 2015: testing, testing and more testing!
• Who? OCLC, LC, PCC, other willing institutions
• Following model of phased RDA conversion of LCNAF
• 2016 (??): Agencies begin using converter in production databases
Fate of existing LCSH headings
• LCSH likely to remain in score and sound recording records for some
time to come
• LCGFT/LCMPT algorithm may never be perfect
• Discovery systems need time to catch up
• What about works about music?
• Not all LCSH music headings are appropriate for topical use
• What’s the granularity “cutoff”?
• Uncontrolled pattern headings
Fate of existing LCSH headings
• Types of topical music headings
• Topical only, per scope note and SHM
• Opera (vs. form heading Operas)
• Usable as topical or form
• Symphonic poems (presence of $x History and criticism signals topical use)
• Usable as topical or medium
• Violin music
• How granular should topical music headings be?
• Headings qualified by language
• Songs, French
• Headings that combine form/genre and medium
• Concertos (Piano) (might be worth keeping)
• Suites (Bassoon, clarinet, trombones (2), double bass, percussion) (maybe not)
• Headings qualified by Sacred/Secular
• Cantatas, Secular (or postcoordinate with Sacred music?)
• Stay tuned!!
LCMPT and RDA
Beth Iseminger
Harvard University
Isn’t this about genre and medium?
Yes! but...
Principle goal for LCMPT = access
LCMPT also used for RDA medium of performance element =
identification
RDA and Medium of Performance
RDA still contains instructions that prescribe how to identify
certain mediums of performance
•
•
•
•
accompanying ensembles with one performer to a part
solo instruments with accompanying ensemble
orchestra/string orchestra/band (especially this one!)
solo voices and choruses (and this one!)
The JSC Music Working Group will be looking at revising at least
some of these instructions in 2015, especially those that have
closed lists of terms.
MLA Best Practices for RDA
Best Practices for Use with RDA and MARC21 recommends:
• When recording medium for an access point, also record it as
a separate element in the 382 field.
• When recording medium in a bib record, give the medium
that corresponds to that particular expression.
Differences
Differences in LCMPT Best Practices and DCM Z1
• DCM Z1 recommends adding $n for ensembles
DCM = LC’s Descriptive Cataloging Manual, available in Cataloger’s Desktop
• LCMPT BPs recommend NOT adding $n for ensembles. MLA proposed $e
for number of ensembles which was approved in January 2015.
Difference in the 382 field for bib and authority records
• Authority 382 has no indicators for access
• Bib 382 has 2nd indicator for access/no access
Goal is for these standards to be harmonized – work in progress!
Making Proposals
Janis Young
Library of Congress
LCMPT
• Submit proposals through the SACO Music Funnel
– New terms
– Revisions to existing terms
LCGFT
• PSD will start to accept proposals later this year
– New terms
– Revisions to existing terms
• Submit all proposals through the SACO Music Funnel?
SACO Music Funnel
• For information about the funnel
– http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/saco/Music_Funnel.html
– Email Nancy Lorimer, funnel coordinator, at [email protected]
Basic Requirements for Proposals
• Literary warrant
– A work that requires the term
– Research showing usage and definitions that appear in reference
sources, such as
• The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments
• The Oxford Dictionary of Music
• The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
Basic Requirements for Proposals
• Reference structure
– Variant forms (UFs), if any
– At least one hierarchical reference (BT)
– A scope note if considered necessary
Basic Requirements for Proposals
• For now, follow the general rules in the Subject Headings
Manual, especially:
– H 306, Natural Language in Topical Subject Headings
– H 315, Foreign Terms
– H 357, Parenthetical Qualifiers in Subject Headings
– H 370 & 373, UF and BT references
– H 400, Scope Notes
• A separate manual for LCMPT and LCGFT is under
development
By submitting proposals, you can help to maintain the viability of
the vocabularies for future generations!
Questions??