Transcript Classical 1
Time periods in context • • • • • Renaissance 1450 -1600 Baroque period 1600-1750 Classical period 1760 – 1810 Romantic period 1810 -1910 “20th Century” music up to the present day Renaissance 1450 -1600 • Studied at Higher level • When Music gradually evolved from Modal to modern tonality Baroque period 16001750 • Birth of Opera • Orchestral music • Invention of violin and modern string family • Counterpoint (Polyphony) • The Harpsichord is King • Birth of Concerto • Composers: • Bach • Handel • Vivaldi Classical period 1760 -1810 Classical Period • Concerto and opera continue • New forms • Symphony • Sonata • New Instruments • Piano takes over from harpsichord • Clarinet becomes part of the orchestra • Composers: • Haydn 1732 -1809 • Mozart 1756 -1791 Chamber music • Music to be played in a room rather than a concert hall • Solo or small numbers of instruments e.g. Piano sonata or string quartet Chamber music • Piano sonata • Sonata is framework/ plan for most non vocal music in Classical music • 3 or 4 movements • • • • Fast Slow (optional dance like minuet) Fast • Mozart K545 Mozart Piano Sonata in C K545 • Points to look for: • • • • • • • Light texture Alberti bass Broken chords Arpeggio Ornaments – trills and grace notes Modulation Cadences Mozart Piano Sonata in C K545 Key signatures reminder • “That’s Sharp!” • “For Flat!” • “I can’t any sharps!” String Quartet • The string quartet consists of 4 parts/ instruments: • • • • Violin 1 Violin 2 Viola Cello • The sound is visceral, expressive and the timbre hard-edged because only one instrument is playing each part String orchestra • A string orchestra consists of just string instruments. There are 5 main sections • Each of these 5 parts play in unison • Both the overall effect is of lush harmony • • • • • Violin 1 (First violins) Violin 2 (second Violins) Violas Cellos Double basses Eine Kleine Nachtmusik • This music is in 3 movements • Allegro • Andante • Presto • The first movement is in Sonata form: • Exposition • Two themes/keys are stated • Development • The themes are developed by being broken up or turned upside down played in different keys • Recapitulation • The themes are stated again in their original form but both in the home key of the movement 1. Describe violin 1 part on bar 1 beat 1 Double stopping 2. Describe melody at bar 2 Broken Chord Fanfare 3. What is the name of the ornament here? trill 4. Last two bars line 4 describe rhythm dotted 5. Describe rhythm syncopated 6. Staccato A -what is this called? (inverted) pedal 7. Describe melody Sequence Concepts check • • • • • • • Alberti bass • Broken chord accompaniment Broken chords • Chord notes played separately Arpeggio • Broken chord spanning an octave Relative minor • Minor key that shares same key signature as a major key Sequence • Repeating pattern which ascends or descends Fanfare • Call to attention usually in unison and using arpeggios Double stopping • Playing two strings with the bow at once • Staccato • Legato • Crescendo • Diminuendo • Pedal • Inverted pedal • Countermelody • Descant • Short and detached • smoothly • Getting louder • Getting softer • Held or repeating note above which chords change • Pedal note is at the top • Tune which goes along with the main one in harmony • Countermelody above the main tune