Transcript Slide 1 - Saint Roch`s Secondary School

Physical Education in Glasgow
Standard Grade Presentations
Section 1a
THE SKELETON
AND
IT’S FUNCTIONS
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Standard Grade Presentations
Physical Education in Glasgow
1. The Framework of the Body
The skeleton consists of 206 bones, which, when joined together create the internal
framework and support for your body
Where two or more bones come together they form a JOINT. Some joints are formed
by the bones fusing together to create fixed or immoveable joints, (e.g. the skull), while
others are held together by LIGAMENTS and create
the knee).
The moveable
skeleton joints,
gives (e.g.
the body
SHAPE and FORM
Some of the fixed joints in the
skull can be clearly seen.
Here ligaments are holding the
bones together at the knee.
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Standard Grade Presentations
Physical Education in Glasgow
2. Protection
In addition to being the internal framework of the body the skeleton also provides
PROTECTION for vital organs in the body.
The brain is protected by the The rib cage and sternum
eight bones surrounding it,
surround vital organs like
called the cranium and which the heart and lungs.
is part of the skull.
The vertebral column
protects our spinal cord,
which relays messages
from the brain to the
body.
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Standard Grade Presentations
Physical Education in Glasgow
3. Muscle Attachment
The skeleton has moveable joints but it cannot move on its own. It is the muscles in our
body which bring about movement. Bones have muscles attached to them by
TENDONS.
Humerus
Biceps Muscle
Biceps Tendon
Radius
Triceps
Muscle
Triceps
Tendon
Ulna
The bones of the right
arm at the elbow joint
Q: How
Can you
are the
identify
name
muscles
the
thetwo
three
attached
muscles
bones
toshown?
above?
the
bones?
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Standard Grade Presentations
Physical Education in Glasgow
4. Formation of Blood Cells
Bones are not completely solid inside. They would be too heavy for us to carry around if
they were. The final function of the skeleton is to create BLOOD CELLS. This is done in
the red bone marrow.
Red Blood Cells
They carry oxygen to
the tissues in the
body
White Blood Cells
They help fight
infections and aid our
immune system
Platelets
They help blood clotting
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Physical Education in Glasgow
Cartilage
Finally, our muscles help hold the body in position giving it shape and form, but when
they move the body, bone would rub directly against bone, effectively grinding it away.
Bones have an added protection against this. It is called CARTILAGE.
Cartilage is a soft spongy material that covers the end of bones. In our knees we have
two types of cartilage; one acting as a shock absorber between the bones, (Meniscus),
the other, a very smooth covering over the ends of the bones, with very low friction
(Articular Cartilage).
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Standard Grade Presentations
Physical Education in Glasgow
You have now completed Section 1a - ‘The Skeleton and Its Functions’
You should now move onto Section 1b – ‘The Joints of the Skeleton’
Created for Physical Education in Glasgow Secondary Schools
by
I.J.Brown – Saint Roch’s Sec. School
E.Gordon – Kings Park Sec. School
C.McGourty – Holyrood Sec. School
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