Transcript The Elbow, Forearm, Wrist and hand

The Elbow, Forearm, Wrist
and hand
Main Anatomy
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Phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpal
Radius
Ulna
Humerus
Carpals
• How many bones make
up the wrist?
• 8
• The wrist is formed
where the distal aspect of
the radius and the ulna
joins. There are eight
carpal bones in all. The
carpal bones are gliding
joints and are stabilized
by anterior, posterior,
and connecting
ligaments.
Muscles of the arm
Forearm main muscles:
carpi ulnaris
brachioradialis
muscles of forearm
Elbow Dislocation
• Occurs when athlete falls on an outstretched
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hand, or a direct blow
Radius and Ulna are forced away from humerus
Take immediately to hospital
– Why?
– Danger of damage to blood vessels and nerves that
can lead to paralysis of fingers
– Splint as is, and apply cold
• To help with prevention of injury, teach athletes
correct way to fall/tumble (gymnastics)
Elbow Dislocation
Elbow Hyperextension
• When the elbow is extended past normal range
• Falling onto an outstretched hand
– Athlete is normally apprehensive of straightening the arm
• S/S:
– Swollen area
• 1st Aid
– Cold and Compression and elevation (if possible)
• Start mild ROM exercises asap
Elbow Hyperextension
Little League Elbow
• Cause:
– Too much stress on the elbow
– When muscle is stronger than the bone
• Muscle pulls away a chip of bone
• Occurs in children who have not gone through
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puberty yet
Repetitive throwing motions
Prevention
– Try to reduce the amount of throwing motions
– Stop at the first sign of pain
Little League Elbow
Tennis Elbow
• Tennis Elbow - Sports Injury Clinic
• Causes:
– Poor technique
– Inadequate warm-up
– overuse
Wrist Sprains
• One of the most common injuries
• Landing on wrist, collision with another
athletes
• Ask is athlete heard a “pop”, look for
deformity and swelling
• 1st aid
– ICE
• Taping can help prevent further injury
Wrist Sprain TX
• Wrist Sprain - Sports Injury Clinic
• Wrist Taping
Wrist Fracture
• Happen to the radius, ulna and one bone
from the carpal
– The navicular
• Same mechanisms as sprain
• Make sure it is not a sprain, or it can lead
to necrosis, death of the bone
• Look for swelling and point tenderness at
the navicular
• Splint and apply ice
Sprained Thumb
• Most common in basketball and football
• Ball hits the end of the thumb when trying to
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catch it
The joint that is injured:
– MCP joint (metacarpophalangeal joint)
– MCP joint
Swelling and pain at base of thumb
Try to pinch thumb and first finger together
1” elastic tape is best material to use to tape
Thumb sprain
Taping for sprained Thumb
• Thumb Sprain Taping - Sports Injury Clinic
Jammed Finger
• Ball striking end of finger is most common MOI
• What joint is most commonly sprained?
– PIP joint (proximal interphalangeal joint)
• S/S:
– Swelling and soreness localized to that joint
• TX
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Compression and Ice
Elastic tape is best way to maintain compression
Use wood or metal splint to immobilize joint
Protect by “buddy” taping. Taping it to the stronger
adjacent finger. Try to put foam between fingers if
available
Jammed fingers
Dislocated Fingers
• Volleyball and Football
• Direct blow to tip of finger
• Usually which joint?
– Middle phalangeal joint
• Splint as is
• Apply cold
• Physician