Transcript training terminology

Performance Enhancement
Terms & General
Conditioning Principles
Cardiovascular Endurance
• The body’s ability, over
a sustained period of
time during physical
activity, to deliver
oxygen and nutrients
to tissues and to
remove wastes.
Muscular Endurance
• Ability of a muscle or muscle group to sustain
repeated contractions.
Power
• Ability to exert maximum muscular
contraction instantly in an explosive burst of
movement composed of strength and
speed.
Speed
• Quickness of
movement of
a limb or
whole body
Strength
• Extent to which muscles can exert force by
contracting against resistance
Adaptation
• Body’s ability to react to the training loads
imposed by increasing its ability to cope with
demands
• Purpose of training – systematically stress the
body so it improves its capacity
• If stress is not sufficient to overload the body,
then no adaptation will occurs.
Overload
• A greater than normal stress or load on the
body is required for training adaptations to
take place.
Specificity
• Sports training should be relevant and
appropriate to the sport the athlete is training
for.
• Examples:
– A football player needs to train speed, strength,
and power.
– A cyclist should train muscle endurance and
cardiovascular endurance
Reversibility
• Gradual loss of training effect when intensity
and duration is reduced.
Periodization
• Varying a training program at regular time
intervals to achieve optimal gains in
performance.
• Used to bring an athlete to “peak
performance”
• 3 phases
– Pre-season
– In-season
– Post-season
Pre-season (preparatory) Phase
• High volume / low intensity
• Focus on technique
• Power & strength workouts introduced during
2nd half of this phase.
In-season (competitive) Phase
• Low volume / high intensity
• Focus on technique
• Bring athlete to “peak performance”
Post-season (transition) Phase
• Active rest – low volume / low intensity
• Physiological and psychological break
• Recreational activity