Transcript Group4 - JointsWebQuest

Diagnosis
By Caleb Clark, JJ Van
Ettan, Kayla Wilson, and
Tiffany Wells
Structural Classes of Joints
 Fibrous- connect bones, no
movement, made of dense
connective tissue: mainly
collagen. (Squamous
suture)
 Cartilaginous-attach bones
with cartilage; little or no
movement; made of
cartilage. (invertebral discs)
 Synovial- much movement;
synovial fluid between
bones; lubricates and
protects. (elbow)
Functional Classes of Joints
 Synarthrosis- does not
move; a fixed joint.
(teeth)
 Amphiarthrosis- allows
only a little movement.
(vertebral column)
 Diarthrosis- allows the
most motion. (Hip joint)
Fibrous Joints
 Sutures- immovable
joints holding the
skull bones together
and are made of
sharpeys fibers.
 Syndesmosisbetween long bones;
movable
 Gomphosis-Between
root of tooth and the
socket in the jaw.
Cartilaginous Joints
 This are joints that are entirely connected by cartilage.
 Two types
Symphyses joints which are connected fibro cartilage
 Synchondroses joints which are connected by hyaline
cartilage.
 This joints are more movable than fibrous joints but move less
freely than synovial joints.
 Growth plates and intervertebral discs are examples of some.
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Synovial Joints
 This is the most common joint in the
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body.
All synovial joints are diarthrosis, they
are the most freely moving type of joint.
A synovial joint is two bones with the
hyaline cartilage covering their
articulating surfaces.
Cavity between the joint bones is
surrounded by a fibrous capsule,
The synovial membrane lines the cavity
and emits synovial fluid.
The synovial fluid occupies the cavity
and lubricates and provides
nourishment for the articular cartilage.
Examples of a synovial joint includes
the knee and hip.
The Six Types Of Synovial Joints
 The Gliding Joint is
where the bones of the
joint can only glide or
slide past each other.
 The Hinge Joint is a
joint that only lets the
attached parts bend or
unbend, An example of
this would be an elbow.
Pivot Joints and Condyloid Joints
 A pivot joint allows the bones
of the joint to turn around
and axis. An example of this
is the neck and forearms of
the body.
 Condyloid joints, also called
ellipsoidal joints, can move
back and forth, and up and
down, but they cannot rotate.
This joint includes two
bones: a concave one, and a
convex one. An Example of
this joint is the wrist.
Saddle Joint and Ball And Socket Joint
 A saddle joint is called this
because it looks like a
saddle. It can move just like
a condyloid joint only with a
greater magnitude. An
example of this joint would
be the carpometacarpal joint
of the thumb.
 A ball and Socket Joint lets
the attached part move in
just about every direction. It
is a rounded bone fitted into
a rounded socket and an
example of this joint is the
hips and shoulders.
The Types Of Movement
 Abduction: moving
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away from the body.
Adduction: moving
closer to the body.
Extension:
unbending a limb at
a joint.
Flexion: bending a
limb at the joint.
Rotation: rotating
around an axis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
 This is a joint disease were the joints become
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inflamed and swelled. It may also lead to loss of
function and stiffness in the effected joints.
The reason for RA are still unknown some believe
environment, genes, and hormones might contribute
to the disease.
Is more common in females then males.
Is not limited to joints.
Can attack eyes, lungs and the patients mouth
Can be classified as an autoimmune disease.
Rheumatoid Arthritis continued
 RA attacks the joints of the shoulders, elbows, wrists,
hands, knees, and the ankles most often.
 A healthy diet and exercise contribute to the
prevention of this disease.
 There isn’t a cure but the treatment for this disease
requires regular exercise.
Osteoarthritis
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Also known as Degenerative joint Disease or OA
Like RA, OA causes swelling, and pain.
It may also reduce joint motion.
Its most often in the hands, knees, spin, and hips but
still can occur in any other joint.
OA is caused by obesity, old age, and past injuries to
joints.
The pain of OA is caused because the cartilage in the
joints are worn down so the bones rub together.
Over time the damage will become permanent.
It can be prevented by avoiding unnecessary stress
on the joint, exercise, watch your weight, and keep a
good posture.
Osteoarthritis continued
 Treatments for OA are managed by exercise,
weight loss (if overweight), pain relief
medication, rest, some alternative therapies
such as; acupuncture and natural remedies;
and if the case demands it surgery.
Sprain
 A sprain affects ligaments.
 A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament.
 Some symptoms are bruising, swelling, pain with
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movement, and shakiness.
Is a minor injury.
Can be caused by a fall or a abnormal alignment
of a joint.
One of the best ways to prevent it is to avoid
falling or overextending ligaments
These usually heal on their own but can possible
require surgery if the sprain is severe enough.
Can be prevented by stretching exercises, braces,
wraps, and chiropractor visits.
Strain
A strain is an injury involving muscles or tendons.
This is a tear, twist or pull of the muscle or tendon.
Strain injures are due to over stretching or some sort of contraction.
Symptoms are pain, muscle spasms, and weakness in the effected
area.
Is a minor injury
Sometime it can heal on its own but if it’s a really bad strain surgery
may be needed.
Can be prevented by stretching before strenuous activity, stopping
strenuous activity when you’re tired, and wearing the right
protective gear.
Words to keep in Mind…
 Articulation: a fixed or movable joint between inflexible parts the
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body.
Arthrology: the treatment and diagnosis of the body’s joints.
Kinesiology: study of anatomy, physiology, mechanics of the
body.
Rheumatology: scientific study dealing with study, diagnosis,
and treatment of rheumatoid diseases.
Dislocation: irregular displacement of bone or body part from
normal position.
Autoimmune disease: disease in which impaired function and
the destruction of tissue are caused by an immune reaction in
which abnormal antibodies are produced and attack the body’s
own cells and tissues.
Works Cited
 www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/rheumatiodarthritis.html
 www.healthcentral.com/osteoarthritis/alternative-treatments.html
 http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML
 http://moon.ouhsc.edu/dthompso/namics/joints.HTM
 http://www.wisc-
online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP12004
 http://physicaltherapy.about.com/od/sportsinjuries/a/strainvsspra
in.htm
 http://www.medicallook.com/human_anatomy/organs/Fibrous_joints.html