Transcript Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Sexually Transmitted
Diseases (STDs)
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Bacterial STDs
• Chlamydia
– Infects reproductive organs and causes a mucus discharge
– More new cases of chlamydia than any other STD
• Symptoms (often none)
– Females: pain during urination, vaginal discharge or bleeding, pelvic
pain
– Males: pain during urination, discharge from penis
• Treatment
– Antibiotics
• Untreated
– Females: infertility, pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, PID
– Males: can injure reproductive organs, swollen and tender testicles
– Infants: illness, blindness
Bacterial STDs
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
– Inflammation of the upper female reproductive tract caused by
migration of infection from vagina
• Symptoms
– Pain in the pelvic region, vaginal discharge, long and painful
menstrual periods, fever, painful urniation, nausea
• Treatment
– Antibiotics, surgery may be needed if infection is left untreated
• Untreated
– Scars in the fallopian tubes or uterus, ectopic pregnancy, infertility
– Chronic pelvic pain
Bacterial STDs
• Gonorrhea
– Infects mucus membranes
• Symptoms
– Females: often no obvious signs, pain during urination, vaginal
discharge or bleeding, pain in abdomen
– Males: pain during urination, discharge from the penis
• Treatment
– Antibiotics, becoming more difficult to treat because bacteria is
changing
• Untreated
– Females: PID, ectopic pregnancies, infertility
– Infants: blindness, joint infection, life-threatening blood infections
– Males: scarring of the urethra, difficulty urinating
• Painful swelling of testicles, infertility
Bacterial STDs
• Syphillis
– Can cause ulcers of chancres, damages nervous system and
other body organs
• Symptoms
– Phase 1 (10-90 days): painless ulcers where bacteria entered
– Phase 2 (2-8 weeks): fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, joint
pain, muscle aches
– Phase 3 (2 years or more): heart and nervous system damage,
blindness, loss of mental abilities, possible death
• Treatment
– Antibiotics, can be cured in the early stages
• Untreated
– Mental and physical disabilities
– Infants: premature birth, severe mental disabilities, deafness,
death
Viral STDs
• Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
– Can cause genital warts and cervical cancer
• Symptoms
– Females: genital and anal warts, abnormal papsmear
– Males: genital and anal warts
• Treatment
– No treatment, warts can be treated by surgical removal,
freezing, or medication
– Vaccine for women against the 4 types of HPV that cause most
genital warts and cancers
• Untreated
– Cervical Cancer, genital cancers
Viral STDs
• Genital Herpes
– 2 types of herpes simples virus HSV-1 and HSV-2
• Symptoms
– HSV-1: cold sores and blisters usually occur around mouth
– HSV-2: red bumps, blisters and sores on or around genitals,
fever, swollen lymph nodes
• Treatment
– No cure, antiviral medications can shorten outbreaks and
reduce their frequency
• Untreated
– Infected for life, can pass on to baby infections of liver, brain,
skin, eyes, and mouth, and death
Viral STDs
• Hepatitis
– Inflammation of the liver
– Hepatitis B and C can be sexually transmitted
• Symptoms
– Jaundice, tiredness and muscle aches, fever, dark urine
• Treatment
– No cure, medications may help stop spread of virus
– Vaccine available for Hepatitis A and B
• Untreated
– Liver damage, failure, cancer, premature death
Viral STDs
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
– Infects cells of the immune system and causes AIDS
• Symptoms
– Phase 1 (initial exposure to 10 yrs): fatigue, weight loss, fever,
diarrhea, swollen lymph nodes
– Phase 2: Phase 1 symptoms, forgetfulness, difficulty thinking
– Phase 3: weakened immune system, infections, weight loss
• Treatment
– No cure, a combination of drugs can delay the start of serious
symptoms
• Untreated
– Malnutrition, loss of mobility, opportunistic infections, cancer,
premature death
Parasite STDs
• Pubic Lice
– Lice in the pubic hair that crawl on skin and lay eggs
on the hairs
• Symptoms
– Intense itching in the pubic area
• Treatment
– Medication can kill the lice
– Wash all bed linens and clothes
• Untreated
– Skin damage can occur
Parasite STDs
• Scabies
– Tiny mites that burrow into the skin
• Symptoms
– Intense itching in the infected area
• Treatment
– Medication can kill the mites
– Wash all bed linens and clothes
• Untreated
– Skin damage can occur
Parasite STDs
• Trichomoniasis
– Caused by a protozoan
• Symptoms
– Females: itching, discharge from the vagina, painful urination
– Males: usually no symptoms
• Treatment
– Can be cured with a prescribed medicine
• Untreated
– Females: bladder and urethral infections, premature birth
– Males: inflammed urethra