Skeletal System
Download
Report
Transcript Skeletal System
Skeletal
System
Emily Davis
Marina Tome
Sam Watkins
Introduction
• Objective : Students will be able to identify
the function and structures of the skeletal
system. Distinguish between bones,
ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. Describe
the development of bones from cartilage
and identify the difference between
osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Describe the
classification of joints by tissue and know
the six types of synovial joints and their
types of movement. Distinguish between
the appendicular and axial skeletons. Finally,
identify 23 major bones of the human body
and their functions.
Function
SUPPORT
• Five functions of the Skeletal System:
– 1) Provide points of attachments for
muscles
– 2) Protect and support softer underlying
tissues
– 3) House blood producing cells
– 4) Store inorganic salts
– 5) Contain passage ways for blood vessels
and nerves
Bones, Ligaments, Tendons, and
Cartilage
Bones
Tissue
Type
Unique
Characteristics
Ligaments Tendons Cartilage
(Binds
(Attaches
bones to muscle to
joints)
bone)
Connective Connective Connective Connective
Extracellular
matrix
Bone matrix
Haversian
Canals
Sheet-like
cords
Collagenous
Fibers
White fibrous
connective
tissue
3 types
Collagenous
fibers
Rigid
Long Bone
Bone Cells
• osteoBlasts
Build Bone
• osteoClasts
Crush Bone
Bone Development
• Diagram
Intramembranous
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Flat
Layers of connective tissue
Enlarge into osteoBlasts
Deposit boney matrix
Spongy bone forms
Periosteum
Compact bone
Joints by Tissue
Fibrous
Found between
joints of bones
Immovable
Dense connective
tissue
Ex: Skull
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Connect through
hyaline or
fibrocartilage
Limited Movement
Ex: Between
Vertebrae
Capsules of
ligaments
Synovial membranes
and fluid
Covered by hyaline
cartilage
Six different types
Ex: Elbow
Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket
• Two bones, one ball shaped and the
other cup shaped, fit into one another
Movements in all planes and
rotation
Ex: Shoulder and hip
Socket
Ball
Condyloid
Curve of one bone articulates with
another bone
Variety of movement in different
planes, but no rotation
Ex: Joints between
metacarpals and phalanges
Gliding
Articulating surfaces are nearly flat or
slightly curved
Sliding or twisting
Ex: Joints between various
bones of wrists and
ankles, sacroiliac
Hinge
Two surfaces, one convex and the
other concave, articulate with
each other
Flexion and extension
Ex: Elbow and joints of
phalanges
Pivot
• Cylindrical surface of one bone fits
into the rings of another bone
Rotation around a central axis
Ex: Axis of neck
Saddle
• Concave and convex surfaces fit with
one another
Variety of movements
Ex: Joints between the carpal
and the metacarpals of the
thumb
Joint Movement
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Flexion
Extension
Dorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Appendicular
Skeletons
Axial
23 Major Bones of the
Human Body
Skull
Vertebral Column
Pectoral Girdle
Thoracic Cage
Sternum
True Ribs
False Ribs
Floating Ribs
Pelvic Girdle
Upper Limb
Lower Limb
Bone Diseases
• Osteoporosis
• Cancer
• Paget’s Disease
Questions?
Quick Review
• How many bones are there in the human body?
– 206 bones
• What are the two types of bone cells and what
does each do?
osteoBlasts - Build Bone
osteoClasts - Crush Bone
• What are the three types of vertebrae and how
many are there of each?
– Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
• Name all functions of the skeletal system.
Thank You for your
attention!!
QUIZ TIME!!