Transcript Instruments of the Orchestra Powerpointx

What is an orchestra?
An orchestra is a large group of
musicians playing together.
Includes Brass, Woodwind and many
String instruments.
_________
The basic make-up of the
orchestra was established in the:
th
18
Century
The _________
classical period of music
2
An orchestra includes four different
families of instruments:
•
•
•
•
Strings
Woodwinds
Brass
Percussion
String Instruments
The string instruments can be also called
Chordophones
They produce sounds when their tightly
strings are:
• Rubbed (played with the bow)
• Plucked
• Struck
Woodwind and Brass instruments
Can also be called aerophones
_____________ because?
air must be blown through them to make sound.
For most woodwinds, players blow air past
a _____reed
to make it vibrate.
All woodwind instruments were originally
wood though today some are
made of ______,
metal.
made of ______.
Brass Instruments
A brass player must buzz his or her lips
while blowing into a mouthpiece to make
vibrations.
Brass instruments were traditionally made
of brass (a mixture of copper and zinc),
but today other metals are also used.
Percussion Instruments
Percussion Instruments fall into two groups:
Membranophones
Idiophones
An essential part of any orchestra is the:
Conductor
C___________
The Conductor
________ is the leader of the orchestra
What does the conductor do?
• Moves their hands and arms to direct the
players
• Sometimes they use a stick called a _______
Baton
• With the baton, they trace _____
Beat Patterns
________
in the air
The Baton Makes a little bounce called
an Ictus
_____ on each beat
Conductors Beat Patterns
Duple (two beats in a bar)
Conductors Beat Patterns
Triple (three beats in a bar)
Conductors Beat Patterns
Quadruple – (four beats in a bar)
The Conductor controls
these parts of the music:
T_____
Tempo
The speed of the music
D_______
Dynamics
The volume of the music
B_______
Balance
How loudly different sections
play compared to each
other.
The Conductor controls
these parts of the music:
A________
Articulation
How sharply or gently the
players begin their notes.
C___
Cues
Showing groups of players
when to begin playing
E________
Expression
Showing the emotions in the
music.
Unscramble these famous conductors of
the 20th Century
Arturo TOSCANINI
CINANTOSI
Herbert
Herbertvon
vonKARAJAN
JAKNAAR
Leopold KWTOKOSIS
STOKOWSKI
Eugene ORMANDY
MORNDAY
Leonard BERNSTEIN
STEBENIRN
JoAnn LAFLATET
FALLETTA
The Violin and Viola
The Violin and Viola are the two
higher pitched members of the
String
______ family.
They both have
Four
_____ (how many?)
Strings
20
These instruments were invented
in
Italy
_____ (Country)
in the ___th
16th Century
They are usually made from
(types of wood)
Spruce
S_______
Maple
M_______
scroll
Pegs
neck
Soundboard
strings
f-holes
bridge
tailpiece
Chinrest
Violin
Viola
Special effect from gently rocking the left
hand is called:
V_____
Vibrato
When the strings are plucked with the
fingers instead of using the bow, the
technique is called:
P_______
Pizzicato
The String section of the orchestra can include:
Up to 30
__ Violins
Up to 12
__ Violas
The Cello and Double Bass
The two lower pitched members of the
string family are the:
C____
Cello
Double
D______
Bass
B___
The full name of the cello is actually:
V________
Violoncello
The Double Bass Can also be called:
C_________
Contrabass
S_____
String bass
bass
or just
B___
Bass
Because they rest on the floor, the cello
Endpin .
and double bass have an ________
The Strings of Stringed instruments used to
Gut
be made from _____
Steel
But now are made from _______
or _______
Nylon
wrapped in fine wire.
The wood in the bows of stringed
instruments is a special wood called:
P_________
Pernambuco
Cello and Double Bass bows
Heavier than violin
Shorter and ________
are _______
and viola bows.
The largest Orchestras have:
Up to 12
__ Cellos
8 Double Basses
Up to __
The Flute and Piccolo
The Flute
The Flute is a member of the
Woodwind family of instruments
__________
Makes sound by blowing across an
E_________
Embouchure hole
Early Flutes had only about six finger
holes, but modern flutes use
mechanical keys that allow the
player to control 16
__ holes
The mechanical key system for the flute was
invented by Theobald
________ Boehm
______ in 1847
Silver
Professionals play flutes made of _______
Less expensive instruments are made
Nickel plated _______
Brass
from ______
Parts of the Flute
embouchure hole
Foot joint
keys
finger holes
body
head joint
lip plate
The Piccolo
is a small flute
It is about half
____the size of a regular flute
Piccolos can be made of metal like the
flute, but they can also be made from
grenadilla wood.
_________
very ____,
high piercing tone
Piccolos produce a ____
two
The Orchestra usually has just ____flutes
And uses the piccolo only when
_________
needed
Oboe, English Horn & Bassoon
Oboe, English Horn & Bassoon
All Double
______Reed
____ Woodwind Instruments
The Double Reed is made from two thin
pieces of Cane
_____ tied together
Players hold the reed in their mouth to
Vibrate as they blow air through
make it ________
the instrument
The Oboe
Centuries ago, this instrument was called
Hautbois
the _________,
which means “high wood” in French.
Stable pitch, so the
The Oboe has a very _______
other instruments tune to the oboe at the
start of a performance or rehearsal.
The English Horn
The Funny thing about this
instrument is that it is neither
English, nor is it a Horn!
The English Horn:
Is a little larger than the oboe, and
has a mellower
_________, darker
______ tone
It is also called the C__
Cor A_____
Anglais
Is only occasionally
___________ used in the orchestra
The Bassoon
Lowest sound of all the
Produces the _______
double reed instruments.
Is longer than it looks, as it doubles back
on itself and the air exits at the top.
Made from M______
Maple or P____
Pear wood.
The Bassoon
bell
bocal
reed
Tenor
joint
Bass
joint
Boot
joint
Clarinet
Clarinet
A member of the _________
Woodwind family
Usually made from a dense
blackwood from Africa
Grenadilla
called __________
Student clarinets are often
made from Plastic
_______
Reed instrument.
The Clarinet is a Single
_____ _____
The Reed is attached to the
Ligature
Clarinet with a ___________
Parts of the clarinet
Mouthpiece
Reed
Ligature
Barrel
Upper
Joint
Lower
Joint
Bell
The Saxophone
The Saxophone
Reed woodwind instrument.
Is a Single
_____ _____
Ligature
The Reed is attached with a _________
Brass
Most saxophones are made of ________
The Saxophone was Invented by
A______
S__
Adolphe Sax
in the
____’s
1840’s
Types of Saxophone
Alto
Tenor
Bariton Sopran
e
o
Adolpe Sax thought his new
instrument should be used in
Orchestras.
both Bands
_____ and _________.
The Saxophone became one of the
Jazz.
main instruments in ______
Saxophone Family
60
Trumpet and Horn
The Trumpet
Highest pitched member of the
The ________
brass family
Like other Brass instruments it
Brass!
is made from _________
A Trumpet player buzzes their lips into a
Cup
___ shaped mouthpiece.
The trumpet has a cylindrical
_________ bore,
meaning that the size of the tube stays
the same, like a long thin cylinder.
The trumpeter blows air, through buzzing
lips into the Mouthpiece
___________ and on into the
Lead
_____Pipe.
_____ .
When pushed down, the Piston
______Valves
______
redirect the air into extra tubing to
Length
change the overall _______ of the tube.
Parts of the Trumpet
Bell
Piston Valves
Mouthpiece
Finger Hook
Tuning Slides
Valve Casings
The Horn
Often called the “_______
French Horn”
but it’s not really French!
The Horns Mouthpiece is more ______
Funnel shaped
Conical bore, meaning
The horn has a ________
that it gradually widens to a long, thin
cone.
mellow tone
This gives the horn a softer, more ______
than the trumpet.
Uses a different kind of valve from a
Rotary valve.
trumpet, called a _______
The Players right hand is placed inside
Bell.
the _____.
Once in a while the players hand can
more farther into the bell, creating a
Muffled sound.
distant, _______
If the horn were unwrapped, it
would measure:
__ feet
12
or
__ meters.
3.6
Parts of the Horn
Mouthpiece
Tuning Slides
Bell
Leadpipe
Rotary
Valves
Valve
Keys
Finger Hook
Trombone and Tuba
The Trombone and Tuba are the lowerpitched Brass Instruments.
Like all Brass Instruments they are
Brass!
made from _______
Like other Brass Instruments the players
must Buzz
____ their lips into a Mouthpiece
_________
to make sound.
The Formation of Buzzing lips is called
Embouchure
the ____________
Instead of using valves like the trumpet,
the trombone changes pitches with a
Slide.
________
Because the slide can move smoothly in
and out, the trombone is capable of an
effect called a Glissando.
________
Like the trumpet, the Trombone has a
Clyindrical
__________bore, giving it a loud and
Bright tone.
_____
Early forms of the trombone were called
the KABTSUC (unscramble)
SACKBUT
Parts of the Trombone
Tuning Slide
Bell
Mouthpiece
Slide
The Tuba
The Largest and ________
Lowest
of the brass instruments
Conical bore,
The Tuba has a ________
mellow sound.
giving it a _______
Parts of the Tuba
Piston
Valves
Bell
Mouthpiece
Valve
tubes
Sousaphone
A variation of the Tuba – The _________
The Percussion
________ Family
Percussion Instruments
The player must H__
S_____ or Shake
S_____
Hit , Scrape
the instrument to make sound.
Some percussion instruments have
Indefinite pitch, or they are described as
_________
“ Untuned
_______.”
Some percussion instruments are called
Membranophones
______________ because they have a skin.
Snare Drum is a small drum played
The ___________
with wooden sticks.
Drum is played with large padded
The Bass
_________
beaters
Percussion instruments without skins are
Idiophones
called ___________
C____
Crash Cymbals
Triangle
T_____
T__
Tam T__
Tam
_____block
block
Wood
C____
Claves
C_______
Castanets
Tuned Percussion
Some Percussion Instruments produce a
definite
pitch meaning that they
_______
_____,
create notes and play melodies
Another way of describing this is called
“ ______ Tuned
Percussion”
Timpani
Are large _______.
drums.
Because they have
skins, Timpani are
Membranophones.
M_______________.
And they have definite
P_____.
Pitch.
The Pitch can be
adjusted with a foot
pedal.
________.
The tighter the drum,
higher the pitch,
the _______
and vice versa.
People often call Timpani _______
Kettle Drums.
Keyboard Percussion
Glockenspiel metal bars create very
The ____________’s
high pitches with a penetrating tone.
Keyboard Percussion
Xylophone has wooden bars.
The __________
Keyboard Percussion
The Marimba
_______ also has wooden bars, but can
play lower pitches and has a fuller tone.
Keyboard Percussion
Tubular Bells
The _______
____ are a set of hollow metal
tubes hung on a rack.
Keyboard Instruments
Orchestral music from the
________
Baroque period (about
1600-1750) almost always
features the harpsichord.
It has a ________
Delicate sound.
When a key is pressed, a plectrum
Plucks a string.
________
The Piano was invented
in the beginning of
18th Century.
the ___th
Has felt covered _________
Hammers
that strike the strings.
The first name for the piano was actually the
Pianoforte because it can play both
__________
Softly
Loudly.
______and ______.
The Modern Piano has
88 Keys.
___
Most often plays as a ____
Solo Instrument
(meaning by itself)
The Harpsichord and Piano are
Chordophones
______phones because strings are struck
to make sound.
The Pipe Organ is an _____phone
aerophone because
air is blown through pipes to make sound.
101
Pipe Organs have
three or four
__________(rows
Manuals
of keys)
The B______
Bellows provide the air that is blown
through the pipes.
The celesta is the ________
Smallest
keyboard instrument
Pressing the keys causes little
Plates
metal ______
to be
struck.
Makes a delicate, ______
Bell
like
sound.
In the Orchestra, the keyboard instruments
are generally considered part of the
__________ Section.
Percussion
The Harp
The Harp is a special
String
member of the _______
family of instruments
Harps have been around for centuries, but the
19th
modern concert harp was developed in the __th
Century.
This kind of Harp has about ___
45 strings
crown
Together the soundboard and
Tuning pins
the Resonator
_________ make the harp
neck
louder and easier to hear.
strings
resonator
forepillar
soundboard
pedals
pedestal
107
crown
Tuning pins
neck
The Forepillar
_________ gives the harp
the strength to keep the strings
tightly stretched.
strings
resonator
forepillar
soundboard
pedals
pedestal
3
108
crown
The Crown
______ sits on top of the
Tuning pins
neck
forepillar.
strings
resonator
forepillar
soundboard
pedals
The whole harp rests on the
__________
Pedestal.
pedestal
3
4
109
crown
Tuning pins
neck
strings
forepillar
resonator
soundboard
pedals
pedestal
To play the instrument, the harpist sits behind the
Shoulder.
harp and rests it on his or her _________.
To make it easier to play some
Coloured.All
of the strings are _________.
Blue
the F strings are _____,
and all
Red.
the C strings are ______.
The harp has _______
Seven pedals.
Each one changes all the
strings with a certain note
name (A’s, B’s, C’s etc.)
Modern harps are called double
______ action harps,
because the pedal can move the pitch in both
directions.
The Harp was popular in the ____________
Romantic
era of Music, when composers like Debussy
highlighted the Harp in their music.
The harp can do a special effect called the
Glissando by brushing their finger across
____________
many strings.