Transcript No Slide Title

First Aid and
Preparedness
© Copyright 2003 The American National Red Cross. All rights reserved in all countries.
Five Actions
• Make a Plan
• Build a Kit
• Get Trained
• Volunteer
• Give Blood
Make a Plan
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Talk
Plan
Learn
Check Supplies
Tell
Practice
Get Trained
Check-Call-Care:
The Basics of First Aid
Always use the Emergency
Action Steps:
• Check the scene for safety,
then check the victim.
• Call 9-1-1, or your local
emergency number to get
advanced medical help.
• Care for the victim.
Get Trained
When and How to Call for Help
• Have
someone else call 9-1-1 or the local
emergency number right away.
• If you have someone else call 9-1-1,
make sure you tell that person to come
back and tell you that the call has been
made.
Get Trained
Calling 9-1-1 or the Local Emergency Number
Call for the following type of emergencies:
• Unconsciousness
• Trouble breathing or breathing in a strange
way
• Persistent chest pain or pressure that lasts
longer than 3-5 minutes or goes away and
comes back
• Severe bleeding
• Pain or pressure in the abdomen that
does not go away
Get Trained
Calling 9-1-1 or the Local Emergency Number
Call for the following type of emergencies: (cont.)
• Vomiting blood or passing blood
• A seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes;
multiple seizures; if the person has a seizure
and is pregnant or diabetic
• Possible poisoning
• Possible head, neck or back injury
• Possible broken bones
Get Trained
Calling 9-1-1 or the Local Emergency Number
Also call immediately for any of these situations:
• Fire or explosion
• Downed electrical wires
• Swiftly moving or rapidly rising water
• Presence of poisonous gas
• Vehicle collisions
• Persons who cannot be moved easily
Get Trained
Calling 9-1-1 or the Local Emergency Number
Do not hang up until the dispatcher tells you that
it is OK to do so.
One of the most important things you can do is to
call 9-1-1 right away.
Get Trained
What is Shock?
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Shock is life-threatening and can be caused by
almost any illness and injury.
Get Trained
What situations can cause someone to
go into shock?
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Injuries
Excessive bleeding
Excessive fluid loss
Cardiac emergencies
Strokes
Seizures
Diabetic reactions
Get Trained
What situations can cause someone to
go into shock? (cont.)
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Poisoning and allergic reactions
Bites and stings
Emotional trauma (or stress)
Get Trained
How do you to recognize shock?
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Restlessness or irritability
Altered consciousness (e.g., drowsy, confused
or dazed, or passing out)
Nausea (sick to the stomach)
Pale or ashen (gray), cool, moist skin
Fast breathing
Fast pulse
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How do you care for shock?
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Have the victim lie down
Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number
Control any external bleeding
Calm and reassure the victim
Raise the victim's legs about 12 inches unless
you suspect head, neck or back injuries, or
a broken hip or leg
Help the victim maintain a normal body
temperature
Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink
Get Trained
Controlling Bleeding
Signs of Internal Bleeding
• Bruising
• Tender, Swollen or Hard Area
• Restlessness
• Fast Breathing
• Fast Pulse
• Pale or Ashen (gray), Cool, Moist Skin
Get Trained
Controlling Bleeding –
External Bleeding
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Most bleeding will stop by itself.
For minor bleeding:
Wash the wound with soap and water.
Bandage the wound.
Watch for signs of infection:
• Wound area becomes swollen and red
• Area may feel warm or throb
• Victim may develop fever and feel ill
• It is important not to directly touch someone
else’s blood or open wound.
Get Trained
What kinds of things can you use
to prevent touching someone's
blood or wound directly?
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Use protective barriers such as disposable
gloves when covering the wound with a
sterile dressing.
• You are more likely to give care to a family
member or a friend than someone you don't
know because most first aid emergencies
happen at home.
Get Trained
Controlling Bleeding
• Always
wash your hands thoroughly with
soap and warm running water after caring for
a wound (even if you used a barrier).
Get Trained
Muscle, Bone and Joint Injuries –
Basic Care
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Rest
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Immobilization
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Cold
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Elevation
Get Trained
Muscle, Bone and Joint Injuries –
Basic Care
Other things you should know and do include:
• Minimize shock
• Keep the person from getting chilled or
overheated
• Do not move a seriously injured victim
• If you have to move the victim, splint the
injured part first
Get Trained
Muscle, Bone and Joint Injuries –
Basic Care
What are some commonly found items around
your home that could be used as splints?
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Newspapers
Magazines
Wooden boards or sticks
Pillows and blankets (for soft splints)
Build a Kit
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disaster supplies kit should include:
Water
Food and a manual can opener
Flashlights and batteries
First aid kit
Battery-powered radio
Tools
Build a Kit
A disaster supplies kit should include:
(cont.)
• Duct tape and plastic sheeting
• Clothing and bedding
• Prescription and non-prescription
medications
• Pet supplies
• Cash and coins
• Sanitary supplies
Build a Kit
A disaster supplies kit should include:
(cont.)
• Important papers
• Contact information and a map
Build a Kit
 Check your kit frequently
and restock used items
and outdated products.
Keep a check-off list with
your kit.
Volunteer
Red Cross Volunteer Opportunities…
Contact your local Red Cross
chapter at (Insert chapter
phone number here) for more
information about how to
become a volunteer in your
community.