Transcript Unit XV: Support and Locomotion

Unit XV: Support and
Locomotion
This unit will make you move!
Locomotion is the ability to move from one place to another
by the organisms own means.
__________ organisms are capable of locomotion
________ organisms are not capable of locomotion
A. Adaptations for Locomotion
1. Advantages of Locomotion
a) _____________________________________
b) _____________________________________
c) _____________________________________
d) _____________________________________
*Use _______________ for locomotion = proteins that can
change their length
Actin and Myosin
2. Muscles and Skeletons
- _______________________, _______________________
__________________________
a) Exoskeletons vs. Endoskeletons
- ____________ – __________________, made of
“chitin”, to grow organisms must molt – shed their
shell
- ____________ – inside the body, does not protect
as well, made of bone and cartilage
3. Locomotion in Protists
4. Locomotion in the Hydra
a) ____________ – used by - glide by making
amoeba - projections of the
pseudopods in the cells of
cell membrane and
its foot
cytoplasm
- contracting fibers – inch
b) ____________________ along using its tentacles,
tumble
- float using an air bubble
5. Locomotion in the Earthworm
- _________________________________:
(1) ____________ (outer) - (2) ________________ (inner)
- circular contract – worm gets longer
- setae anchor the worm into the soil
- longitudinal contract – worm gets shorter (pulls up the
back)
6. Locomotion in the Grasshopper
- uses muscle tissue to move legs and wings
- ____________________________________________
- 3 pairs of jointed legs attached to the thorax (middle
body section)
B. The Human Musculoskeletal System
1. Bones
a) Structure: ___________________________________
made of:
1) living bone cells – _________________________
__________________ – bone builders
_______________________ – bone destroyers
arranged in Haversian Canals
2) connective tissue – ______________________
3) inorganic compounds – _____________________
b) Function:
- site of ____________________
and act as levers
- _____ and ________ to the body
- ____________ of internal organs
- ______________ and ________
- site of _____________________
2. Muscles
- 3 types of muscle: _____________, _______, and ______
- muscle fibers – __________________________________
- Skeletal muscles used for locomotion – muscles can only
_______________
_______________ – __________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
3. Cartilage
- flexible material ______________, but without the vascular
tissue
- makes up ______________________________________,
etc.
- _______________________________________________
- _______________________________________________
4. Joints
- a point in the skeleton where two bones meet
- usually there are also muscles, tendons, and ligaments to
allow for movement
a) ____________ = Suture
skull
b) ________________
___________________
c) _____________________
______________________
d) ____________________
___________________
e) __________________
________________
5. Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal Muscular System
a) ________________
- ________________
- pain, swelling, bruising, hematoma
- go to the hospital to set and cast the bones
b) Sprains
- ________________________________________
c) Arthritis
- ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
- Osteoarthritis – cartilage around the joint wears down
- Rheumatoid Arthritis - autoimmune disease – immune
system attacks the joints
d) Tendonitis
- inflammation of a ______________
- causes pain and stiffness in the joints
- “_______________”, carpal tunnel
e) Hernia
- a _______________________________ that keeps your
organs in place
- usually causes “strange” bulges and bumps