Transcript Physical Development - Valdosta State University

Physical Development
William G. Huitt
Last Revised: June 2003
Physical Development
• Refers to the structure and functioning of
the body
• Wellness
– Total health of the individual,
including mental, physical, emotional,
and spiritual
– A function of congruence among
knowledge, values, attitudes, and
behavior
Present Concerns
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Healthy eyesight
Cancer
Heart Disease
Joint Pain/Arthritis
High Cholesterol
High Blood Pressure
Stress
85%
81%
75%
73%
73%
69%
68%
Present Concerns
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Mental Acuity
Blood Triglycerides
Diabetes
Emotional Distress
Stomach Ulcers
Migraines
65%
65%
58%
56%
41%
38%
Actions Considered Important
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Avoid drinking while driving
Annual dental exam
Wear seat belt
Do not smoke
Adequate vitamins & minerals
Limit fat intake
Maintain proper weight
84%
75%
73%
72%
58%
52%
19%
Current Data
• About two-thirds of American adult
population are overweight
• Over one-fourth are obese
• Nearly 25% of children between the ages
of 6 and 17 are obese
Physical Development
• Body composition and functioning
– Genetics
– Activity
– Nutrition
Activity
• Cardiorespiritory endurance -- ability to
deliver essential nutrients, especially
oxygen, to the working muscles of the
body and to remove waste products
during prolonged physical exertion
Activity
• Muscular strength -- the amount of force
a muscle can produce with a single
maximum effort
Activity
• Muscular endurance -- the ability to
sustain a given level of muscle tension –
that is, to hold a muscle contraction for a
long period of time, or to contract a
muscle over and over again
Activity
• Flexibility -- the ability to move body
joints through a full range of motion
Target Heart Rate During
Activity
Age
20 years
Target Heart Rate Zone
50-75%
100-150 bpm
30 years
95-142 bpm
40 years
90-135 bpm
50 years
85-127 bpm
60 years
80-120 bpm
70 years
75-113 bpm
Activity
• Sedentary lifestyle associated with
– Coronary heart disease
– Cancer
– Osteoporosis
– Diabetes
– Obesity
Activity
• Lack of exercise as much a risk factor for
disease as
– High blood pressure
– Obesity
– Smoking
• Approximately 250,000 premature deaths
every year attributed to lack of exercise
Activity
Body Composition
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Proportion of fat to overall weight
Cholesterol levels
Blood pressure
Heart rate
Others
Body Mass Index
Body Mass Index (BMI) calculator
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/bmi/bmi-adult.htm
BMI & Disease Risk
Nutrition
• Recommendations by USDA were made
to promote farm products
• Recent research suggests a different
pyramid
USDA Food Pyramid
Healthy Eating Pyramid
Biomarkers
• Lean body (muscle)
mass
• Strength
• Basal metabolic rate
• Body fat percentage
• Aerobic capacity
• Insulin sensitivity
• Cholesterol/HDL
level
• Blood pressure
• Bone density
• Body temperature
regulation
Biomarkers
• Most important because they are
interrelated
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Lean body (muscle) mass
Strength
Basal metabolic rate
Body fat percentage
• Not necessarily related to weight if
physically fit
Biomarkers
• Lean body mass
– After age 30, tend to lose about 6.6 lbs of lean-body
mass each decade
• Strength
– From age 20 to 70, lose about 30% of total number of
muscle cells
• Basic Metabolic Rate
– Drops about 2% per decade after age 20
• Body Fat Percentage
– Women: at 25 = 25% fat; at 65 = 43%
– Men: at 25 = 18%; at 65 = 38%
What To Do
• President’s Council on Physical Fitness
and Sports http://www.fitness.gov/
• National Health Education Standards
http://www.aahperd.org/aahe/pdf_files/s
tandards.pdf
• Mississippi Curriculum Standards
http://www.mde.k12.ms.us/ACAD/ID
/Curriculum/Physed/phedal.htm
What To Do
• Frank and Mike’s Physical Education
Page
http://www.geocities.com/sissio/physical_
education.html
• Arrow Vale Community High School
http://www.arrowvale.worcs.sch.uk/pestu
dy.htm
The End