Transcript Muscular System Medical Terminology

Muscular System
Medical Terminology
Anatomy of Muscle
• Types:
– Skeletal (striated; voluntary)
– Smooth (non-striated; involuntary)
– Cardiac
• Attachments:
• Tendons
– Aponeurosis
• Fascia
– Connective tissue that covers
and separates muscle
Physiology of Muscle
• Primary Functions
– Make body movement possible. (see next slide)
– Hold body erect. (posture = proprioception)
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– Move body fluids ---- smooth muscle
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– Produce body heat.
Movement Physiology of Muscle
• Kinesiology (kinesis = movement)
• Bradykinesia = slow movement
– ROM = range of motion
• Antagonistic pairs
– Abduction ----- adduction
– Flexion ---------- extension
– Rotation --------circumduction
– Supination ----- pronation
– Dorsiflexion --- plantar flexion
Important combining forms for muscle
• Muscle
– my/o, myos/o
• Fascia --- covers,
supports, & separates
muscle
– fasci/o
• Tendon --- connects
muscle to bone
– tendin/o
– Aponeurosis = flat tendon
Major Muscles of the Body
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Masseter
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Deltoid
Biceps
Triceps
Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis
Rectus abdominis
Gluteus
Hamstrings
Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
Vastus lateralis
Gastrocnemius
Pathology of the Muscular System
• Myomalacia ---------------- abnormal softening of muscle
• Myorrhexis ----------------- rupture of muscle
• Ataxia -------------- uncoordinated voluntary muscle movement
– Tax = coordination
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Dystaxia --------------------- dys = bad
Spasm ------------------------ “cramp”
Myoclonus ------------------ clon = violent action
Torticollis ------------------- stiff neck
Kinesia ----------------------- movement
– Dyskinesia
– Hyper/ hypo– kinesia
– Bradykinesia ------------------- brady = slow
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Myasthenia -------------- -asthenia = weakness
Myolysis ----------------- -lysis = destruction of
Myocele ------------------ -cele = hernia
Hemiparesis ------------- paresis = weakness
Paraplegia ---------------- plegia = paralysis
Quadriplegia
Hemiplegia
Hiccups = spasm of diaphragm ; also called “singultus”
Contracture = shortening of muscle & resistant to stretching