Transcript Performance Enhancement

Performance Enhancement
Strength Training
Learning Log
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Why do we strength train?
What benefits do we receive?
Any side effects?
Muscle Fiber type & Performance
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Slow twitch (Type I)
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More efficient using oxygen to generate fuel for continuous
extended muscle contractions
Contract slowly, but continue for long periods of time
Muscle Fiber type & Performance
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Fast twitch (Type II)
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Generates short bursts of strength or speed
Fatigue quickly
Muscle Fiber type & Performance
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Hybrid Twitch (Type IIa)
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Generic muscle fiber
Use both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism
Ability to develop depending on training (Debate)
Muscle Fiber type & Performance
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Fiber type may influence what type of sports an athlete is
naturally good at.
Slow twitch
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Cycling, jogging, swimming, running
Fast twitch
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Sprinting, jumping, other explosive activities
Learning Log
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What muscle fiber type do you think you have?
How can you tell what muscle fiber type you have?
Can you still perform anaerobic events with Type I muscle
fibers and vice versa?
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Muscle Biopsy
I still run but I am never going to be as good as someone with
the majority of Type I fibers
Types of strength training movements
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Isometric
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No movement
Performed against fixed resistance
Least effective form
Ex: wall sit, stationary press
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Doorway Experiment
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Types of strength training movements
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Isotonic
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Joint moved through full range of motion against fixed weight,
speed is variable
Greatest gains in the initial movement, least at the mid point
Greatest chance of getting injured
Ex: bench press, bicep curls, etc.
Correct form is crucial to prevent injury
Types of strength training movements
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Isokinetic
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Variable resistance with
fixed speed
Resistance
accommodates to
match the force applied
Machine is required
Types of strength training movements
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Eccentric
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Negative work
Muscle lengthened while
weight is lowered
Produce great strength
gains, but more muscle
soreness
Ex: down movement of
bicep curl
Types of strength training movements
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Concentric
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Positive work
Muscle shortens as
weight is lifted
Ex: up movement of
bicep curl
Types of strength training movements
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Closed chain exercises
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Distal segment is fixed
Allows strength gains of several muscle groups
Ex: body squats, lunges, push ups
Types of strength training movements
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Open chain exercise
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Distal segments are not fixed & freely moving is space
Good at targeting one set of muscles, but increases the forces
transmitted to the involved joint
Ex: knee extensions, any throwing movement
Types of strength training movements
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Plyometrics
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Muscles are repeatedly and rapidly stretched (loaded) and then
contracted
The aim is to improve muscle power
Maximize stretch reflex
Rate is more important than the magnitude of the stretch
Ex: jumps, bounds, skips, hops, medicine ball throws
Types of strength training movements
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Plyometrics cont.
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Stretch reflex – stretch the muscle from its resting length
immediately before the concentric contraction
The greater the stretch, the greater the load (power
generated) the muscle can lift.
Learning Log
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How do muscles get bigger?
Do muscles always get bigger?
Tearing and Healing
Testosterone builds muscles
Methods of resistance training
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Free weights
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Variety of exercise
selection
Athlete in control of
range of motion
Builds coordination
Recruits stabilizing
muscles to control
movement
Methods of resistance training
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Weight machines
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Simple to use
Relatively safe
Doesn‘t require a lot of
coordination
Limited to targeting one
muscle group
Body may not
anatomically match the
movement of the
machine.
Methods of resistance training
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Exercise tubing
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Similar advantages to free weights
High variety of exercise selection
May not be able to generate enough force to increase strength
gains as free weights
Methods of resistance training
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Body weight exercises
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Does not require any equipment
Exercises can be very functional and sport specific
Difficult for experienced athletes to achieve high level of
intensity without high number of repetitions
Strength conditioning principles
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General guidelines
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Safety first
Allow proper rest between exercises
Balance training program to prevent injury and overuse
Use a spotter
Strength conditioning principles
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Repetition: performing the particular exercise one time
Set: grouping of a specific exercise into a number of
repetitions
Resistance: the opposing force to a muscle contraction
Strength & size: high resistance / low repetitions
Muscular endurance: low resistance / high repetitions
Power: rapid movements