Transcript Bloodborne Pathogens

Occupational Exposure Bloodborne
Pathogen Training
1/2014
Bloodborne Pathogens
• OSHA’s standard 29 CFR 1910.1030
Applies to all occupational exposure to blood
or other potentially infectious materials.
Employer must establish exposure control
plan.
Employer must provide training.
Employer must provide vaccination.
Employees with Occupational
Exposure
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EMT, Paramedics
Fire/Safety Officers
Police Officers, Security Officers
Plumbers
Lifeguards
Ride Area Supervisors
Ride Supervisors
Park Service Area Supervisors
Park Service Supervisors
What Are Bloodborne
Pathogens?
• Bloodborne pathogens are
microorganisms that can be carried in
human blood and body fluids and cause
serious diseases.
Body Fluids That Can Cause
Infection
• Human blood
• Semen
• Vaginal secretions
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Amniotic fluid
Three Ways Bloodborne Pathogens
Can Enter Your Body
• Through mucous membranes, such as your eyes,
nose and mouth
• Through a cut or sore on your skin
• Through a wound from a contaminated object,
such as a needle or broken glass
Examples of Bloodborne
Diseases
Human
Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)
Non A, Non B Hepatitis
Syphilis
Malaria
Babesiosis
Brucellosis
Leptospirosis
Arboviral infections
Relapsing fever
Creutzfeld-Jakob
disease
Human T-lymphotrophic
Virus Type 1
Viral hemorrhagic fever
3 Most Common Bloodborne
Diseases
• HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• HBV: Hepatitis B Virus
• HCV: Hepatitis C Virus
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the
virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS).
• HIV is passed from one person to another
through blood-to-blood and sexual contact.
Pregnant women infected with HIV can also
pass the virus to their baby during pregnancy
or delivery, and through breast-feeding.
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
• Small chance of becoming infected with HIV:
• From a needle stick or cut: 0.3%
• From a blood splash: less than 0.09%
• Hepatitis B and C are easier to contract than
HIV.
Hepatitis
• Acute viral hepatitis is a common, sometimes
serious infection of the liver leading to inflammation
and necrosis. There are at least five distinct viral
agents that cause acute viral hepatitis:
• HAV (Hepatitis A)
• HBV (Hepatitis B)
• HDV (delta)
• HCV (Hepatitis C)
• HEV
Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis B Virus
 Transmission of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs when an
infected person's blood or body fluids enters the body of a
person who is not immune.
 About one-third of persons infected with HBV have no signs
or symptoms. Symptoms include:
– Jaundice
– Fatigue
– Abdominal pain
 Vaccination is available.
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea, vomiting
- Joint pain
Hepatitis C
• Hepatitis C Virus
 is a major cause of acute hepatitis and chronic liver disease,
including cirrhosis and liver cancer.
 Illegal injection drug use is the primary cause of infection.
 Approximately 80% of the persons infected with Hepatitis C have
no signs or symptoms. Those that have symptoms and signs
may exhibit the following:
– Jaundice
– Fatigue
– Dark Urine
- Abdominal Pain
- Nausea
- Loss of Appetite
 Diseases may show up 20–30 years after initial infection
 There is no vaccination for Hepatitis C.
Exposure Control Plan
• Identifies jobs and tasks where occupational
exposure to blood or other potentially infectious
material occurs
• Describes how the employer will:
 Use engineering and work practice controls
 Ensure use of personal protective equipment
 Provide training
 Provide medical surveillance
 Provide hepatitis B vaccinations
 Use signs and labels
Exposure Control Plan (cont.)
• Written plan required
• Plan must be reviewed at least annually to
reflect changes in:
 tasks, procedures, or assignments which affect
exposure, and
 technology that will eliminate or reduce exposure
• Annual review must document employer’s
consideration and implementation of safer
medical devices
Exposure Control Plan (cont.)
• Must solicit input from potentially exposed
employees in the identification, evaluation and
selection of engineering and work practice
controls
• Plan must be accessible to employees. You
may request a copy by contacting the Safety
Department.
Universal Precautions
• Assume that all human blood and body
fluids are infected.
• If someone is injured in the workplace, use
Universal Precautions to protect yourself
before providing help.
Engineering Controls
• These controls reduce employee exposure by
either removing the hazard or isolating the
worker.
• Examples:
 Sharps disposal containers in all medical treatment
facilities and medical response vehicles.
 Hand and eyewash appliances in all medical
treatment facilities.
 Self-sheathing needles in all IV start kits.
 Bag-valve-mask devices.
 One way valve masks for CPR.
Work Practice Controls
• Recapping of needles by hand is prohibited.
• Contaminated needles/sharps are not to be
bent, sheared, or broken.
• Restrict eating, drinking, applying cosmetics
where there is a potential exposure.
• Contaminated laundry should be sealed in bag
and delivered to linen services.
• All contaminated sharps shall be placed in
appropriate containers as soon as possible.
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• Single-use latex gloves
• Leather or other protective gloves
• Eye protection
• Masks
• Gowns or other protective clothing
• CPR masks
Removing Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
• Wash hands immediately or as soon as
feasible after removing gloves or other PPE.
• Remove PPE after it becomes contaminated
and before leaving the work area.
• Used PPE may be disposed of in a normal
trash can if it will not release any other
potentially infectious material (OPIM) from it.
Otherwise, it should be placed in red bag,
sealed and sent to Main First Aid.
Removing Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
• Wear appropriate gloves when it is reasonably
anticipated that there may be hand contact
with blood or OPIM.
• Replace gloves if torn, punctured or
contaminated.
• Utility gloves may be decontaminated for
reuse if their integrity is not compromised,
otherwise they should be discarded.
Removing Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
• Never wash or decontaminant disposable
gloves for reuse.
• Wear appropriate face and eye protection
when splashes, sprays, splatters, or droplets
or blood pose a hazard to the eyes, nose or
mouth.
• Remove immediately or as soon as feasible
any garment contaminated by blood or OPIM
in such a way to avoid contact with the outer
surface.
Cleanup Procedures
• Wear Personal Protective Equipment.
• Use a 1:10 bleach/water solution or an
EPA-registered disinfectant to clean:
All work and environmental surfaces
All equipment
Anything that has been contaminated with
potentially infectious materials
• Use tongs, forceps, or a brush and dust pan
to pick up broken glass.
Warning Labels/Colors
• Warning labels required on:
 Containers of regulated waste
 Refrigerators and freezers containing blood and other
potentially infectious materials
 Other containers used to store, transport, or ship
blood or other potentially infectious materials
• Red bags or containers may be substituted for
labels
Hepatitis B Vaccination
• Available, free of charge to all employees at risk
of exposure within 10 working days of initial
assignment unless:
 employee has had the vaccination
 antibody testing reveals immunity
 Medically contraindicated
• Employees who decline the vaccination
must sign a declination form.
Hepatitis B Vaccination
• Series of three shots
• Second shot is given one month after the first
• Third shot follows five months after the second
• The series gradually builds up the body’s
immunity to the Hepatitis B virus.
Post Exposure Procedures
• Exposed employees should immediately contact
your supervisor, then First Aid at extension
5250.
• Wash exposed area with soap and water
• Flush splashes to nose, mouth, or skin with
water
• Irrigate eyes with water or saline
Post Exposure Procedures
• Complete Report of Occupational Exposure to
Bloodborne Pathogen form.
• Obtain consent from source individual if involved
in exposure incident.
• A physician will conduct a post-exposure
evaluation.
• Exposed employee will be informed of any
medical treatment prescribed by physician.
Recordkeeping
• Training documentation of annual training
sessions (3 years).
• Medical records are maintained for each
employee with exposure incident for duration of
employment plus 30 years.
• OSHA 300 Log (privacy case) for three years.
• Sharps Injury Log for five years.
Questions?