Transcript C. fetus

GENUS CAMPYLOBACTER
GENUS CAMPYLOBACTER
Gram - ve
curve, spiral
motile
oxidase + ve
microaerophilic
one flagella at the end
not attack CHO
non-spore forming
HABITAT
mucous membrane of genital tract
mucous membrane of intestinal tract, oral
of man and animals
Campylobacter spp.
flagella
CLASSIFICATION
1. Genital tract disease
abortion, infertility
C. fetus
2. Intestinal tract disease
enteritis
C. jejuni,
TRANSMISSION
1. mating, artificial insemination
2. ingestion
VIRULENCE FACTOR
C. fetus ss. venerealis, C. fetus ss. fetus
* LPS
* microcapsule anti-complement
(S layer)
antiphagocytosis
consist of protein resist to
serum-mediated destruction
(not effectively opsonized by C3b)
and phagocytosis
enhance survival in the genital tract
PATHOGENESIS
I. Genital tract disease
Campylobacter fetus (Vibrio fetus)
C. fetus ss. venerealis
C. fetus ss. venerealis
cattle
M - glan penis, prepuce
F - vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct
lesion
M - no sign, carrier, semen
F - catarrhal in genital tract after uterine
invasion
- temporary infertility
- spordic abortion 4-6 months
- carrier
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis
C. fetus ss. venerealis
Bacteria localize
at glans penis,
distal urethra
asymptomatic carrier bull
venereal transmission
Campy. in cervicovaginal mucus
Rarely abortion at
mid pregnancy,
less than 10%
mild endometritis & salpingitis
embryonic death and resorption
return to oestrus 28-35 days
transient infertility(3-5months)
protective immunity by IgA in
cervicovaginal mucus & IgG in
the uterus
IgG opsonize pathogens facilitate
phagocytosis by neutrophil &
mononuclear cell
recovery of fertility
ovine genital campylobacteriosis
Ovine abortion
C. fetus ss. fetus [C. fetus ss. intestinalis]
cattle, sheep
commensal in intestine
C. jejuni
feces of a wide range of birds and mammals
C.fetus ss fetus (C. fetus ss intestinalis)
Sheep
C. jejuni
Cattle
transmission by faecal-oral route
bacteremia
rarely case deposit in placenta during
pregnancy
necrotic placentitis
abortion late in pregnancy
IMMUNITY
IgA develops in vagina, IgG in uterus
opsonize the pathogens, facilitate phagocytosis
Bacterin (vaccine for male and female)
Biotype-specific
ISOLATION
1. preputial washing
FA
2. cervical mucus
3. placenta, abomasal content of foetus
Blood agar + antibiotics
O2 3-5 %, CO210%, N2 85%
3-6 days
IDENTIFICATION
1. Biochemical tests
non-pathogenic strain
C. sputorum biovar bubulus (catalase -ve)
ss. venerealis
H2S production
Growth in 1% glycine
Catalase
+
ss. fetus
+
+
+
2. Detect antigen
FA technique in sheath
washing from bull
cervicovaginal
mucus from cow
PCR detect pathogen in
3. Immunology
bull semen
Agglutination of
cervical mucus or
vaginal mucus
agglutination (VMA)
detect 50%
on herd basis
ELISA detect
C. f etus (FA)
C. fetus ss. venerealis
II Intestinal tract disease
Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
 intestine of farm animal, swine
calf, poultry, sheep, man
(close contact with animals and wastes.)
Zoonotic infection
ingest contaminated undercooked
meat or other animal sources
chicken
C. jejuni
VIRULENCE FACTOR
C. jejuni
Attachment factor;
Fibronectin binding protein
Lipoprotein
Flagellin
Pilus protein
LPS
Binding is followed by invading enterocytes
Strain dependent
ANIMAL
 enteritis in variety of animal species,
calves, dog, chicken, pig, cat, sheep
watery feces contains mucus & blood
pathological change :
ileum, colon
superficial erosive enteritis
crypt abscess,
EXTRAINTESTINAL INFECTION
C. jejuni
abortion in sheep& goat similar to those
C. fetus abortion
mastitis in cattle
frequently isolate from milk contaminated
by feces or via mastitis
major source of infection in countries
where raw milk is consumed
Avian vibrionic hepatitis
* birds harbour C. jejuni in their
intestinal tract and shed the
organism in their feces
* chicks acquire infection from
feed, water & litter
* usually asymptomatic
* principal important source for
human following carcasses
contamination at slaughter house
* outbreak are uncommon
drop in egg production
may hemorrhage and multifocal
in liver
* organism motility are demonstrated
in bile (phase contrast)
Intestinal campylobacteriosis in dog
C. jejuni
Increase severity of enteric disease infected
with other enteropathogens,
ie. virus, protozoa
young, debilitated, immunosuppressed animal
are at risk
dogs & cats may be involved in transmission
infection in humans
Intestinal Campylobacteriosis
in human
C. jejuni is main cause of human
campylobacteriosis
most frequent cause of food
poisoning
C. coli, C. lari are sometimes
implicated
poultry meat is major source
fever, abdominal pain & diarrhea
(sometimes bloody)
mild to moderate self – limiting
resistance to fluoroquinolone is major
public health concern
ISOLATION
1. Blood agar + antibiotics, mixed gases
2. identification based on growth characteristic and
biochemical tests.
catalase test
 nitrate reduction
 hydrogen disulphide production
Growth in :
1 % glycine
3.5 % NaCl
25 oC
Biochemical tests of Campylobacter
Biochemical Tests
Organism
Catalase
Oxidase
KOH
Indoxyl
acetate
Hippurate
C. jejuni
+
+
+
+
+
C. coli
+
+
+
+
-
C. lari
+
+
+
-
-
Campylobacter species
C. fetus ss.
venerealis
Bovine
repro. tract
venereal dis. in
cattle, early
embryonic death,
temporary
infertility
C. fetus ss.
fetus
C. jejuni
intestinal of
sheep goats,
cattle
intestinal tr.
of birds and
mammals
abortion,
stilbirth in sheep
& goat, weak
lambs and kids,
sporadic
abortion in sheep
enteritis in dogs
avian hepatitis
enterocolitic in
humans
GENUS LAWSONIA
THE GENUS LAWSONIA
Gram -ve
slender, curved rod
s-shape
not been grown in lifeless
media
microaerophilic
Obligate intracellular organism
Habitat
Intracellular in pig enterocytes
excrete small number in feces
Lawsonia intracellularis
TRANSMISSION
fecal-route, direct-indirect is the main
mode of spread
probably acquire L. intracellularis from
feces of infected pigs
Pathogenesis
etiology of Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy (PPE)
- infectious disease of weaned animals
- especially important in pig industry
- occur worldwide
- variable clinical manifestation
chronic
acute
porcine intestinal
adenomatosis (PIA)
proliferative
hemorrhagic
enteropathy (PHE)
Pathogenesis
- flagella may allow colonization and
attachment
- moderate immune response and
intracellular (enterocytes) location may
enable LI to evade immune response
- induce proliferation of enterocytes with the
development of adenomatous and
inflammatory lesion in terminal ileum,
caecum and colon
Pathogenesis
-intracellular organisms in apical
cytoplasm of proliferating cells
-proliferative ileitis
- bacteria released from enterocytes
at villous apices, infection spread
through ileum, distal jejunum,
caecum, colon
- intestinal adenomatous hyperplasia
Characteristic features of PPE
- mucosal thickening of small
intestine
- crypt epithelial cell proliferation
- chronic intermittent diarrhea to
acute hemorrhagic enteropathy
- necrotic enteritis in severe,
clotted blood in the lumens
PPE
PHE
(pig)
Cultivation of Lawsonia
- obligate intracellular, highly
fastidious
- resides in highly contaminated
environment
- microaerophilic
- grown in enterocyte cell lines
Identification of Lawsonia
antemortem
* IFA
* immunoperoxidase in faeces
* PCR in faeces
post mortem
** PCR (16S rDNA) of ileal mucosa
** tissue immunohistochemistry
** demonstrated in section from
lesion by silver stain