Transcript Disorders of the Digestive System

DISORDERS OF THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
HCT II
Appendicitis
• An acute inflammation of the appendix
• S&S
• Abdominal pain (generalized at first and then localized to lower
right quadrant)
• Nausea and Vomiting’
• Mild fever
• Elevated WBC count
**** If an appendix ruptures infectious material will spread into the
peritoneal cavity and cause peritinitis.
Treatment- Appendectomy
Cholecystitis
• An inflammation of the gallbladder.
• Cholelithiasis- gallstones (formed from crystalized
cholesterol, bile salts and bile pigments)
• S&S
• Indigestion
• Nausea and vomiting
• Pain under the rib cage that may radiate to the right shoulder
• Treatment
• Low fat diet
• Lithotripsy (shock waves used to break up gallstones)
• Cholecystectomy- Removal of the gallbladder
Constipation
• When fecal material remains in the colon too long
• Causes excessive reabsorption of water
• The feces becomes hard and dry making it difficult to eliminate
• Causes• Poor bowel habits
• Chronic laxative use
• A low fiber diet
• Digestive diseases
• Treatment
• Fluids
• Exercise
• High fiber diet
Diarrhea
• Frequent watery stools
• Causes
• Stress
• Infection
• Irritated colon
• Diet
• Toxic substances
• Treatment
• Eliminating cause
• Adequate fluid intake
• Diet changes
Diverticulitis
• Inflammation of the diverticulum (sacs that form the
intestine as the mucosal lining pushes through)
• Causes
• Fecal material getting caught in the diverticuli, causing
inflammation
• S&S
• Abdominal pain
• Irregular bowel movements
• Gas
• Constipation or diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
Diverticulitis
• Treatment
• Antibiotics
• Stool softeners
• Pain medication
• High fiber diet
• Possible surgery to remove
affected colon
Hepatitis
• A viral inflammation of the liver
• Type A or infectious hepatitis (HAV)
• Highly contagious
• Spread in food, water and contaminated feces\
• Usually self limiting
• Type B or serum hepatitis (HBV)
• Transmitted through body fluids (blood saliva, urine, vaginal secretions,
breast milk)
• Can lead to chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver
• Type C or HCV
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•
•
•
Spread through blood or body fluids
Usually from sharing needles or getting stuck with a contaminated needle
From mom to infant during childbirth.
More likely to cause chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis or both
Hepatitis
S&S
Treatment
• Fever
• Rest
• Loss of appetite (anorexia)
• High protein diet
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue
• Low fat diet
• Dark colored urine
• Possible liver transplant
• Clay colored stool
• Vaccine for A and B
• Myalgia (muscle pain)
• Enlarged liver
• Jaundice
Hernia
• An internal organ pushes through a weakened area or
natural opening in the body
• Hiatal hernia- when the stomach protrudes through the
diaphragm and chest cavity through the opening for the
esophagus
• S&S
• Heartburn
• Stomach distention
• Chest pain
• Difficulty swallowing
Hiatal hernia
• Treatments
• Bland diet
• Small frequent meals
• Staying upright after eating
• Surgical repair
Pancreatitis
• Inflammation of the pancreas
• Pancreatic enzymes begin to digest the pancreas itself
• Pancreas becomes necrotic, inflamed and edematous.
• Causes
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Gallstones blocking the pancreatic duct
• Idiopathic (Unknown)
• S&S
• Abdominal pain radiating to the shoulder blades
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• jaundice
Treatment
Gallstones
• Cholecystectomy
Idiopathic or alcoholism
• Pain medication’
• Nutritional support
Prognosis is poor for this
type of pancreatitis
Column A
Column B
_____ When gallstones form from crystalized cholesterol
A. Hepatitis A
_____ Frequent watery stools
B. Pancreatitis
_____Feces becomes hard, dry and difficult to eliminate
C. Cholecystitis
____ Chronic destruction of liver cells with accompanied scar tissue
D. Hepatitis C
____ Idiopathic in origin or from alcoholism or gallstones
E. Hemorrhoids
____Inflammation of the sacs that form from the mucosal lining pushing through
Surrounding muscle
F. Hernia
G. Diverticulitis
____ No Vaccine
H. Cirrhosis
____ A viral infection of the liver
I. Diarrhea
_____Highly contagious and usually spread through contaminated food, water or feces
J. Appendicitis
_____ Pancreatic enzymes digest the pancreas itself
_____ When and internal organ pushes though weakened area
____ a liver transplant may be necessary from these two diseases
____ a varicose vein in the rectum
____ poor outcome when cause is unknown or from excessive drinking
____ Inflammation of the appendix usually from and obstruction and infection
Cirrhosis
• Causes
• S&S
• Treatment
Peritonitis
• Causes
• S&S
• Treatment
Ulcer
• Causes
• S&S
• Treatment
Ulcerative Colitis
• Causes
• S&S
• Treatment