Transcript Bacteria and Viruses

Chapter 19
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Lyme disease
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Bacterial meningitis
Strep throat
Common cold
Influenza
AIDS
Chicken pox
Hepatitis B
West Nile
Herpes
H1N1
Anthrax
Botulism
Cholera
Diphtheria
Listeriosis
Pneumococcal pneumonia
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Scarlet fever
Syphilis
Typhoid fever
HPV
Measles
Infectious mononucleosis
Mumps
Rabies
Rubella
SARS
Smallpox
Viral meningitis
Viral pneumonia
Gonorrhea
Leprosy
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
 Pictures/video
 Transmission
of the pathogen
(how it gets into the host)
 Symptoms
(how it affects the host)
 Treatment
(how we “fight” it)
 Value:
 Due
20 pts (5 each)
date: Wednesday, April 6th at the beginning of
class (be ready to present!)
 Producers:
photosynthesis for food
chain)
 Decomposers:
(break down/recycle
nutrients)
 Nitrogen
fixers:
(convert nitrogen gas into
“useful” forms for plants
and the food chain)
 Human
uses:
 A) sewage treatment (purifies
water, products for fertilizers)
 B)
Food and beverage
production
 C)
Digest petroleum (cleaning
up small oil spills)
 D)
Make drugs and chemicals
through genetic engineering
 E)
Enzymes for medicine
 Name
E. coli is derived from the fact that they live
in our colon (large intestine).
 We
give them:
 A) a warm, safe home
 B) plenty of food
 C) free transportation
 They
give us:
 A) some vitamins we need
 B) protection from virulent strains of bacteria
 (see
news article)
1. What are two ways bacteria produce disease?
2. What are antibiotics and how do they prevent
disease?
3. a) What does the word “virus” mean?
b) Describe the events that lead to the study
and understanding of viruses.
4. What are the parts of a virus?
5. What are bacteriophages?
6. Draw diagrams of the 2 types of viral infection.
(page 481)
7. a) What’s a retrovirus? b) Explain their name.
8. What are vaccines and how do they prevent
disease?
1. i) Destroy host cells for food (Ex: tuberculosis).
ii) Release of toxins interferes with normal bodily
functions (Ex: strep throat, diphtheria).
2.-Compounds that block the reproduction and
growth of bacteria; stopping or slowing infection.
-Have been responsible for dramatic increases in
life expectancy over the last few centuries.
Eyes of Nye: Antibiotics
3. a) “Virus” is the Latin word for “poison”.
b) –In 1892 farmers’ tobacco plants dying
-yellowing pattern (mosaic) on the plant leaves
-Disease-causing juice is isolated from plants
-Nothing seen in juice under microscope
-Some unknown thing (too small to be bacteria) is
therefore causing the infection)
4. i) nucleic acid (genes
encoded by DNA or RNA)
ii) protein coat
surrounding the genes,
called a capsid
5. Viruses that infect
bacteria
(“phage” means “eat”)
6. i) Lytic:
-Takes over host cell and uses it to make new viral
parts (copy itself)
- Host cell bursts open, releasing more viruses
ii) Lysogenic:
-Inserts/incorporates its DNA into host chromosome
-This piece of viral DNA is called a provirus
-Lies dormant for a while, but then…
-At some point, the provirus exits the host
chromosome and enters the lytic cycle. Ex: HIV
Lysogenic and Lytic Cycles (See page 481 of text)
7. a) RNA is their genetic material (not DNA).
b) “Retro” = “backwards”, refers to these viruses
doing the reverse of what normally happens.
Normal: DNA RNA  Protein, but:
they go from RNADNA instead.
8. -Preparation of weakened or killed pathogens.
-Prompts the body to produce immunity to
disease.
*See Edward Jenner story (smallpox).
 Prokaryotes
 Bacilli
 Cocci
 Spirilla
 Obligate
aerobes
 Obligate anaerobes
 Facultative anaerobes
 Binary fission
 Conjugation
 Endospore
 Nitrogen fixation
 Virus
 Capsid
 Bacteriophages
 Lytic
infection
 Lysogenic infection
 Prophage
 Retroviruses
 Pathogens
 Vaccine
 Antibiotics
 Chemoheterotrophs
 Photoheterotrophs
 Photoautotrophs
 Chemoautotrophs
 Tobacco mosaic virus
 E. coli
 Edward Jenner
 Using
the information on page 482-483, as well
as your own opinion, write me a short paragraph
telling me whether or not you think viruses
should be considered living things or not.
 Mr.
Jessome’s idea of a short paragraph:
-More than 2 sentences, but less than 10.
 Mr.
Jessome’s idea of fun:
-Writing a short paragraph about whether or not
viruses should be considered living things.
a) Sterilization by heat: Too hot  kills bacteria
b) Disinfectants: Chemicals  kills bacteria
c) Food processing: Cool temps  slows bacterial
reproduction
Antibiotics:
-Work for bacterial infections, but not for viruses
“anti” = “against” + “biotics” = “living things”
Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm….
Page
493: #’s 1 -10
(But not #4-You’re welcome)
Also:
#’s 12, 14, 17, 18, 20,
21, 25
Page
495: #’s 1-5, 7, 8