Transcript Immune System

Agenda 4/7
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Warm up #4
Collect Science Notebook
Notes: Immune System
Microviewers Lab: harmful Bacteria
Crossword puzzle
Warm up 4: Intro to Immune System
1. How do we fight off bacterial infections?
2. How can we prevent viral diseases?
3. What does it mean to be immune to
something?
4. What do you suppose the job of the immune
system is?
Immune System
Let’s Get Defensive
I. Pathogens Cause Infectious Disease
A. Infectious disease
1. Caused when a pathogen is passed from one
organism to another
B. Pathogens
1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Fungi
4. Parasites
5. Protozoans
Parasitic Pathogens
Example: Botfly
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNDG7WPt
VO4
Pathogenic Protozoa
Giardia:
occurs by swallowing
contaminated water, by
eating contaminated food or
through person-to-person
contact
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=bGMor71WkFc
Music video:
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=2R7fTTsXQzY
II. Spread of Disease
A. Types of Reservoirs
1. Human (Direct or Indirect Contact)
i. Main reservoir for pathogens that affect humans
ii. Individual that is symptom-free but capable of
passing the pathogen is called a carrier
II. Spread of Disease Cont.
2. Animal (Vector)
i.
Other animals also are reservoirs of pathogens that
can be passed to humans, such as influenza and
rabies.
3. Others (Direct Contact)
i. Soil
ii. Contaminated water or food
III. Treating and Fighting Disease
A. Antibiotic is a substance
that can kill or inhibit
the growth of bacteria
1.
2.
3.
4.
Penicillium (bacteria)
Erythromycin (fights
Diphtheria)
Neomycin (creams,
ointments, and eye
drops)
Gentamicin (helps fight
UTIs)
Diphtheria
Agenda 4/8
1. Warm up 5
2. Notes: Immune System
3. Documentary BBC Horizon: Pandemic Diseases
*Homework: Crossword puzzle (extension…
Thursday)
*Warrior Lab Friday
Warm up 5: Infectious Disease
1. What is an infectious disease?
2. What is a pathogenic reservoir?
3. What are 3 types of pathogenic reservoirs?
Give an example for each.
4. A botfly is considered what type of
pathogen? What about Giardia?
I. Immune Response
A. purpose of the immune response is
to inactivate or destroy pathogens,
abnormal cells, and foreign molecules
Immune System
II. Nonspecific Immunity
A. Body has a number of defenses in the
immune system that fight off pathogens
B. Defenses are nonspecific
1. Not aimed at a specific pathogen
C. Help prevent disease
D. Help slow progression of disease
III. Antibodies
A. a protein produced by plasma cells that is
used in the immune system to identify
foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses
Immune System
IV. Skin Barrier
A. Skin cells
1. protect against invasion by
microorganisms
B. Bacteria that live symbiotically on the
skin digest skin oils to produce acids
1. Inhibit many pathogens
Immune System
V. Chemical Barriers
A. Saliva, tears, and nasal secretions contain
lysozyme (enzyme)
1. Breaks down bacterial cell walls and kills
pathogens
B. Mucus acts as a protective barrier
1. Blocks bacteria from sticking to inner
epithelial (skin) cells
Immune System
VI. Nonspecific Responses to Invasion
A. Body has nonspecific immune responses to
pathogens that get beyond its barriers
1. Cellular defense
i.
Phagocytosis – release enzymes or other
chemicals to destroy pathogen
2.Interferon (protein)
i.
Virus infected cells; prevents replication
3. Inflammatory response
i.
More blood flow brings in more white blood cells
Pandemic Diseases
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jESeN63qN
cM
Agenda 4/9
1. Warm up 5
2. Notes: Specific Immunity
3. Documentary BBC Horizon: Pandemic
Diseases
*Homework: Crossword puzzle (due tomorrow)
*Warrior Lab Friday
Warm up 6: Nonspecific Immunity
1. What is our body’s first defense against
microorganisms?
2. What are the chemical barriers our body
produces?
3. If microorganisms get past your first line of
defenses what do you suppose will happen
next?
4. What is the purpose of phagocytosis, and
how does it work?
Immune System
VII. Specific Immunity
A. Lymphatic system
1. Organs and cells
i. Filter lymph and
blood
ii. Destroy foreign
microorganisms
2. Defend body against
infections
Immune System
VIII. Lymphatic Cells
A. Lymphocytes – white blood cell that is produced in red
bone marrow
1. Protect the body
i. T cells (T lymphocytes)
• Manage immune response
• Directly attack and destroy infected cells
ii.
B cells (B lymphocytes)
• Differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies (mark antigens,
aka name tags, for destruction)
B. Macrophages – phagocytize foreign matter and activate T
cells
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VQU28itVVw
Immune System
IX. Passive Immunity
A. Temporary protection
1. Occurs when antibodies are made by other people or
animals and are transferred or injected into the body
i. Between mother and infant
ii. To treat tetanus and rabies
iii. To inactivate snake and scorpion venoms
Immune System
X. Active Immunity
A. Active immunity occurs after immune system is
exposed to disease antigens
1. Memory cells are produced
2. Can result from having an infectious disease
B. Immunization
1. Deliberate exposure of the body to an antigen
2. Primary response and immune memory cells
develop
Immune System
XI. Immune System Failure
A. Some diseases can affect the immune system’s
effectiveness
1.Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
2. HIV infects mainly helper T cells
i. Helper T cells become HIV factories,
producing new viruses
ii. Number of helper T cells in an infected
person decreases
Pandemic Diseases
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jESeN63qN
cM