Transcript ENHS 603 Environmental Health Abdelghani

Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences
(GEHS)
Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical
Medicine
1440 Canal Street
New Orleans, La 70112
Abdelghani, Assaf
[email protected]
504 988 5374
Professor
Local , National & International
Environmental Health Current and
Future Challenges
Local , National & International Environmental Health Current and Future
Challenges
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Water Quality and Quantity: amount of available fresh waters
Acute and chronic human exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment
Natural and man-made disasters? Earth Quakes / Haiti Katrina/Molds/Floods/ Typhoons,
Genetically modified foods/food supplies
Food and Feed Additives
Nano - particles
Newly emerging diseases/ TB/Aids/
Air quality: highly populated cities/ Transportations/Diesel engines/molds
Aqua-culture and accumulation of chemical contaminants
Environmental terrorism/food/water/air
Solid waste gasification
Climate Change
Selected Global Research Projects
1- Organochlorine compounds in Breast Milk
• 2- The use of animal fat to determine the body
burden of exposure to pesticides
• 3- Solar Disinfection
• 4- Impact of Toxic Chemicals on Human Health
in Kazakhstan
• 5- Mercury in Fish /Suriname/South America
Sampling and Testing of Village Water
Sources
Uncovered well
Test result: FC 430/100ml
Natural
spring
Water hole
Test result: FC >480/100ml
Test result:
FC 2000/100ml
SODIS USE
Those with high roofs developed
other strategies for bottle
supports
Survey of
Environmental Health
California Noctiluca Bloom
Introduction
• Session 1,
• 1. Identify and discuss current
environmental health issue ( Biological,
chemical and physical) environmental
contaminants
Environmental Hazards/Environmental
Microbiological
• Session 2:
• Discuss environmental health hazards,
including microorganisms in the
environment: benefits and risk associated
with microorganism in water, air, food, and
soil and Hurricane Katrina related molds.
Discuss a Testable Model of Environmental
Insults ( water, air, food and work place
Environmental Health Hazards: Water
• Session 3:
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Identify and discuss the physical, chemical, and
biological hazards associated with water pollution,
as well as the importance of water quality related to
contamination, protection, and monitoring of water
supplies.
• Discuss a Testable Model of Environmental Insults (
water, air, food and work place
• Discuss current risk assessment methods
Environmental Health Hazards: Wastewater
• Session 4:
• . Identify and discuss health hazards associated
with methods of collection, treatment, disposal and
recycling of human waste and bio-solids,
• solid and hazardous waste, infectious waste and
describe the health hazards associated with
improper management of these wastes.
Environmental Health Hazards/Air Quality
Session 5:
Identify and discuss health risks
associated with indoor and outdoor
air pollutions and methods of hazard control
Environmental Hazards : Food Safety
Session 6:
• Identify and discuss food-borne pathogens and the importance
of the protection of food sources.
• Outline Environmental Epidemiology: investigation of food out
break diseases.
• Acute and chronic effects of food additives and pesticide
residues.
• Explain benefits and concerns of genetically modified foods
(GMF)
Environmental hazards: Solid Waste
Session 7:
• Identify and discuss methods of collection,
treatment, disposal and recycling of solid waste
and describe the health hazards associated with
improper management of these wastes
– Session 8
Mid-Term Examination
Vectors of Disease
• Session 9:
• Identify and describe vectors of public health
importance, including insects and rodents; discuss
transmission and control; identify breeding and
control methods
Environmental Health Ethics/Environmental Justice
Session 10:
• Discuss ethical issues of environmental health such
as environmental injustice and racial inequality in
environmental rule-making and environmental
management.
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Occupational & Radiological Health
• Session 11:
• Identify and discuss adverse health effects in occupational
settings due to exposure to dust, gases, vapor fumes, noise,
and their mitigation and control and discuss the legal,
regulatory processes to provide workers with a safe workplace.
• Define radioactive particles including Gamma, Beta and Alpha,
discuss the health effects and methods of protection and
control
Environmental Toxicology
• Session 12:
• Classify toxic chemicals in the environment; explain their
beneficial and detrimental effects, their persistence,
• distribution, mechanism of toxicity , dose-response timeexposure , genetic factors affecting response to toxic
chemicals, disrupting properties and transformation in the
environment.
• Discuss pesticides and hazardous waste
Health Risk Assessment
• Session 13
• Discuss federal, local and international
legal, regulatory and policy aspects of
environmental assessment, evaluation and
control, including risk assessment,
management and communication
Environmental Health in Developing
Countries
• Session 14:
• Define global environmental health issues,
especially those facing developing countries,
such as water supply, waste
• disposal, pathogen issues, wetland
management, and the misuse of agricultural
pesticides.
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• Session 15: Final Examination
Environmental Health : Definition
If we include all factors in our
environment affecting health and
every illness related to the
environment,
then Environmental Health will
include all Aspects of Health
including Medicine.
Environmental Health : Definition
This will include genetic diseases since
environmental factors , such as exposure
to toxic chemicals, may cause mutations
which may be responsible for genetically
transmitted conditions
Environmental Health : Definition
It can be defined as
THE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL
AGENTS INTRODUCED BY HUMANS
CAUSING ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
Global Environmental Principles
Principles of Global Commons:
pollution has no limits, and we are
responsible for our own pollution;
everyone is downstream or down wind
from everybody
Global Environmental Principles
Principles of Moderation: Use resources to
meet vital needs, and use them as efficiently
as possible,
so you can reduce pollution and reduce
waste.
Global Environmental Principles
Principle of Limits: Resources are limited
and must not be wasted, there is not always
more.
Principle of Sustainable Yield:
use renewable resources but not faster than
they are naturally renewed. Do not deplete
the Earth’s budget
Global Environmental Principles
Principle of Recycling and Reuse: Recycle
and/or reuse in order to minimize pollution
and reduce wastage.
Global Environmental Principles
Principle of Localism: Stress the use of
locally available resources and try to
dispose of YOUR WASTE LOCALLY
Global Environmental Principles
Principles of Respect your Earth: The earth
can live without us, but we cannot get along
without the earth.
Global Environmental Principles
Principle of Prevention and Control:
Anticipating and preventing Environmental problems
is MUCH CHEAPER and more EFFECTIVE than
reacting and trying to cure them;
AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION IS WORTH A TON OF
CURE.
Aspects of Environmental Health
Practice
Aspects of Environmental Health practice
are the first line of defense against disease.
These include:
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Providing water safe for human
consumption
Proper disposal of human waste
Proper management of solid and
hazardous waste.
Aspects of Environmental Health
Practice
4) Control of Vectors of Disease
5) Food and Milk Protection
6) Providing safe work Environment
(noise, injury, exposure to
chemical and biological agents)
Aspects of Environmental Health
Practice
7) Control of air pollutants
8) Providing housing with conditions
necessary for the physiological and
psychological well-being of
humans
Aspects of Environmental Health
Practice
9)
Protection of recreational
areas from contamination
10) Protecting the public from
Radiation
Aspects of Environmental Health
Practice
11) Preventing the spread of nosocomial
infections in health care institutions.
12) Environmental planning and mgt.
13) Product safety and consumer
protection :
safe drugs, toys, tools etc.