Transcript Khalifa E. Sharquie* Jamal Al-Rawi

Sexually Transmitted Diseases
(STDs) Classification,
Syndromic Management
Complications & Prevention.
Professor Jamal R Al-Rawi
Prof. of Comm. Med. & Dermatovenereology
Dept of Comm. Med. College of Med. AlMustansiriya University.
VD
Terminology
No more used. It include 5 classical diseases,
Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Chancroid, Lymphogranuloma
venereum, & granuloma inguinale.
STD
a- Social Stigma
b- Emerging of new diseases
c- affecting other organs extragenital e.g. Hepatitis.
STI:
Sexually transmitted infection
STP:
Sexually transmissible pathogen
RTI:
Reproductive tract infection
STD patients examined by different specialty
according to country.
Newly identified STDs since 1980 are 18 types.
Etiological Classifications
(>200)
I- VIRAL
A- Herpes virus groups, HSV1, HSV2,
HHV4 (EB), HHV5 (CMV), HHV8.
B- Hepatitis virus group; A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
& non-A-G.
C- HTLV1, HTLV2,
D- HIV1 & 2 & subtype O.
E- HPV 1->100 serotype, 16, 18, 33, 43, 52, &
87.
F- Molliscum contagiosum virus.
G- Ebola-Marburg virus
H- Lassa virus
II- BACTERIAL
A- Treponema pallidum
B- Neisseria gonorrhea
C- Chlamydia trachomitis
D- Hemophilus ducreyi
E- Calymmatobacterium
granulomitis
F- Group B streptococci
G- Shigella Sp.
H- Salmonella Sp.
I- Corynebacerium
diphtheria
.
J- Neisseria meningitides
K- Mycoplasma homonis
L- Gardnerella vaginalis
M- Ureaplasma urealyticum
N- Compylobacter species.
O- Mobiluncus species
P- Helicobacter fenneliae,
cinaedi
STDs
III- FUNGAL:
Candida albican.
IV- PROTOZOAL:
A- Trichomonus vaginalis
B- Giardia lamblia
C- Entamoaba histoliytica
D- Cryptosporidium parvum
E- Balantidium coli
V- ECTOPARASITE:
A- Pthirus Pubis
B- Sarcoptes scabiei
A- MALES:
Urethritis
Proctitis
Enterocolitis
Hepatitis
Peritonitis
B- FEMALES:
Urethritis
Vaginitis
Cervicitis
Chorioaminionitis
Hepatitis
PID
Prematurity
Peritonitis
Syndromes
Epididmyitits
Proctocolitis
Enteritis
AIDS
Meningitis
Vulvitis
Vaginosis
Endometritis
Salpingitis
Infertility
AIDS
Ectopic gestation
Meningitis
SYNDROMES
-continued
C- NEOPLASIM:
Carcinomas; vulva, vagina, cervix, penis, &
oral mucosa. Caused by HPV16,18, 33, 43, 52,
87, HSV1 & 2. HIV1 & 2, HHV4 (EB).
Lymphoma; HTLV1 & 2, HIV 1 & 2 HHV4 (EB).
Leukemia; Adult cell leukemia, & Hairy cellleukemia (HTLV1 & 2).
Kaposi’s Sarcoma; HHV8.
Hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV, HDV,
HCV, HHV5 (CMV).
STDs- Syndromes
* D- NEONATES & INFANTS:
*
TORCHES Syndrome
*
Conjunctivitis
*
Pneumonia
*
Otitis Media
*
Sepsis, Meningitis
*
Cognitive impairment,
*
Deafness
Prevention
1- Public health & school sexual education
2- Use condom or limit the number of partners.
3- Control drug abuser
4- Proper medical, surgical, gynecological &
instrumental sterilization
5- Use disposable syringes & instruments.
6- Screening of blood & its products for
transfusion transmitted diseases.
7- Screening for HIV, HBV, HCV,...etc in antenatal
care, during premarital counseling & organ
transplantation
8- Vaccination of high risk group with the available
vaccine( HBV, HAV, HSV1 & 2, HHV3 (VZ), HIV,)
As there are few nerve endings to the cervix, women may not
feel pain associated with a cervical chlamydial infection .This
is particularly significant in transmission of this STD. A woman
may have no apparent symptoms. This indicates a need for
constant safer sex practices by both men and women.
While the discharge associated with a
gonococcal infection is likely to be
purulent, a clear or white discharge is
more likely associated with NGU
Oral sex is usually the cause of a gonococcal
infection of the throat. This pharyngitis is often
asymptomatic
Epididimytis is a complication resulting from the spread of a gonococcal
infection to the posterior urethra that can lead to infertility if left
Without prompt treatment, gonorrhea can also affect the .untreated
prostate and can lead to scarring inside the urethra, making urination
difficult.
In women undiagnosed and untreated gonorrhea can lead to pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID). Symptoms may or may not be present. PID
can lead to internal abscesses, long lasting pelvic pain, and infertility. It
may also damage the fallopian tubes enough to increase the risk of ectopic
pregnancy, a life-threatening condition.
Gonorrhea in pregnant women can cause premature
delivery or spontaneous abortion. As the baby passes
through the birth canal during delivery, it can contract
gonorrhea which may cause blindness, joint infection, or
a life Proper prenatal care is important in pregnancy. It
should include appropriate testing for STDs.
The chancre is usually found at the place where
the bacterium enters the body.
Condylomata may be highly infectious lesions
They may also be found in non-genital sites,
such as the mouth, groin, thigh and breasts.
In Negroid people this hair loss may take on the
so-called "moth-eaten"scalp appearance.
Trichomoniasis is caused by the single-celled protozoan parasite,
Trichomonas vaginalis. It affects both women and men, although
Trichomoniasis is spread through .symptoms are more common in women
penis-to-vagina intercourse or vulva-to-vulva contact with an infected
partner. Women can acquire the disease from infected men or women,
.whereas men usually only contract it from women
Most men have no signs or symptoms. Men with symptoms may have an
irritation inside the penis, mild discharge, or slight burning after urination
In women, trichomoniasis causes a frothy, yellow-green .or ejaculation