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Structure & Form The way musical ideas are arranged and ordered in a composition Needs to have the right balance of repetition and contrast Two sections of roughly equal length: A B Each section is usually repeated Three sections of roughly equal length: A B A B contrasts with the A sections The main theme (A) keeps on returning, with contrasting sections (episodes) in between A B A C A D A Sounds like a question and answer Common in African music, gospel, blues, and jazz Used in pop music: Intro - beginning Outro – beginning & end Verse – Tells the story Chorus (refrain) – Focal point; Catchy Fills – bridge between sections Middle 8 – contrasting section 12-bar blues Starts with a simple theme, then repeating it but changing/ varying it each time Changing tempo Changing rhythm Tonality (e.g. major to minor) Adding extra notes/ ornaments Video: Mozart- ‘Ah! vous dirai je maman’ Recitatives – tells the story, like a narratorSearch YouTube for: Aria – A tuneful song Mozart- ‘Ah! vous diraisings je maman Choruses – Everyone …video and embed here Female opera stars called Divas Minuet is a stately dance from 17th/ 18th centuries in 3/4 time In ternary structure: A B A Minuet Trio Minuet Trio – thin texture (3 instruments) Video: Example of a minuet Recitatives – tells the story, like a narrator Aria – A tuneful song for: Search YouTube Choruses – Everyone sings ‘Minuet’ Female…video operaand stars called embed here Divas Same music is repeated for each verses e.g. hymn Opposite of strophic – new music for each verse in the song Music develops, changing to reflect moods/ situations in lyrics Song frequently found in opera In ternary form Aria = ‘air’ (melody) Sung by solo singer, accompanied by orchestra Constant repetition of a fixed number of beats, or melodic pattern During each cycle, can be developed through changes in texture or dynamics Common in Africa, India & Asia e.g. gamelan music Video: Balinese Gamelan music Recitatives – tells the story, like a narrator Search YouTube for: Aria – A tuneful song ‘Balinese Gamelan Music’ Choruses – Everyone sings …video and embed here Female opera stars called Divas Melody or riff in the bass that is repeated while melody/ harmony changes Featured in all types of music – baroque to pop music Video: ‘Livin’ On A Prayer’ Recitatives – tells the story, like a narrator Search YouTube for: Aria – A tuneful song ‘Bon Jovi – Livin on a Choruses – Everyone Prayer’ sings Female …video and embed here opera stars called Divas Large scale musical form in 3 parts: 1) 2) 3) Exposition: Characters are introduced Development: Develops ideas such as melody & rhythm. It’s dramatic, usually with many key changes Recapitulation: Brings back musical ideas from exposition – ‘rounded off’