Transcript agri-tourism-resources_2_443017132x

APHIS Veterinary Services:
Our Role in Addressing
One Health Issues
August 24, 2016
Fredric Cantor, DVM, MPH
Emergency Coordinator,
APHIS, VS, SPRS, District 1
[email protected]
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Overview
• What is “One Health” (OH) and why it is
important
• Overview of Veterinary Service (VS)
• The role of OH in Veterinary Services
• OH in action – examples from the field
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The AVMA defines One Health as…
“…the integrative
effort of multiple
disciplines working
locally, nationally,
and globally to attain
optimal health for
people, animals, and
the environment…”
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Wired.com
www1.ccny.cuny.edu
Why
One Health?
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One Health
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APHIS Veterinary Services
1,900 employees; more
than 500 veterinarians
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Veterinary Services
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Traditional Roles
Manage animal disease programs
Facilitate import and export
Protect livestock from foreign
animal diseases
Oversee veterinary labs and
biologics
Explore and analyze animal health
data
Broadened One Health Roles
• Safeguards the health of animals,
people and the environment by
addressing the animal component
of One Health issues
• Help to address emerging zoonotic
diseases
• Engage in emergency response to
natural disasters to assist with
animal rescue
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One Health Activities in VS
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VS One Health Coordination Center
(OHCC)
• Provides One Health Subject Matter Expertise
• Builds Alliances, Coordinates between Partners,
and Networks
• Conducts Outreach
• Provides Educational Materials About One Health
• Develops and Delivers One Health Training
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Advocating for the Role of Animal
Health in One Health Issues
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White House Interagency Policy Committees (IPCs)
– Emerging Pandemic Threats sub-IPC
– Biosurveillance sub-IPC
– Global Health Initiative IPC
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Interagency Working Groups
– International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases
Scientific Program Committee
– CDC Zoonoses Working Group
– North American Plan for Animal and Pandemic Influenza
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Interdepartmental Groups
– USDA OH Joint Working Group
– USDA OH Multiagency Coordination (MAC) Group
– Federal Interagency One Health Working Group
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Examples of One Health in Action
• Zoonotic Diseases
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Influenza
Q-fever
Salmonellosis
Zika virus and Ebola
• Food Safety
– Foodborne Diseases
– Antimicrobial Residue
Avoidance
• Environmental Issues
– King Gold Mine spill into
Animas River
– Natural disasters such as
tornadoes and fires
• Feral Swine
– Carry zoonotic diseases, such
as Brucella suis, and also are
quite destructive to the
environment
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Zoonosis or Zoonotic Disease
Any infectious disease that can be transmitted between people and other animals
Parasitic:
Hookworms
Fungal:
Ringworm, aka
Dermatophytosis
Viral:
Influenza
Bacterial:
Salmonella
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Highly Pathogenic
Avian Influenza
in the
United States
in 2015
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2015 HPAI Outbreak
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232 premises: 211 commercial and 21
backyard
Approximately 50 million birds culled
Over $800 million for response and
indemnity
Economy-wide impact of $3.3 billion as
of July 2015
More than 3,600 Federal responders
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2015 HPAI Statistics
• 15 States with
findings in
poultry
• 109 commercial
flocks in
Minnesota
• 71 commercial
flocks in Iowa
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HPAI Outbreak Response
Quarantine
• Restricting movement of poultry into and out of the
control area
• Humanely euthanizing the affected flock(s)
Eradication
Monitor
• Testing wild and domestic birds in a broad area around
the quarantine area
• Killing the virus in the affected flock locations
Disinfect
• Confirming that the poultry farm is AI virus-free
Test
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HPAI Responder Monitoring for ILI
• Procedures developed by
animal health and public
health officials at the State and
Federal level
• Monitoring implemented
during the 2015 outbreak
• After action review in August to
refine procedures
• Animal health and public health
working together to ensure
safety of responders
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Responding to Future
HPAI Outbreaks
• HPAI plan released
Sept 2015 and
updated Jan 2016
• Builds on foreign
animal disease plans
already in place
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Outbreaks of Influenza A (H3N2) virus
among People and Swine
Associated with Fairs, 2012
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Outbreak of H3N2v
• Between July 12 and October 11, 2012
– 306 cases in people from 10 states
– 16 people hospitalized; 1 death
• In pigs, referred to as H3N2pM
• Recently, also cases of H1N2v
• Human cases associated with exposure to pigs at county
and state fairs
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H3N2 Investigation and Response
• Collaboration between Federal, State, and local
public health and animal health agencies and
organizations
• At Federal level, APHIS, CDC and NIFA (4-H) all
involved in joint response activities
– Monitoring outbreak and state-based investigations
– Jointly developed communication materials
– Outreach to 4-H leaders, producers, fair organizers
and veterinarians
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Web Resources
Public information and outreach materials for fair
planners and people who raise and/or exhibit pigs
– http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/people-raisepigs-flu.htm
– http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/h3n2v-pigs-atfairs.htm
– http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/h3n2v-fairsplanning.htm
– http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/
– http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal
_dis_spec/swine/
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Raw Meat
Salmonella
Reptiles such as
Bearded Dragons
and Turtles
Chickens
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• >50,000,000 chicks sold annually
• Business is booming due to increased demand
• Backyard flocks
• Urban chicken phenomenon
• Baby poultry
• Sold at feed stores
• Sold over the internet
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Q-fever and Coxiella burnetti
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What is Q (Query) fever?
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Affects ruminants and people
First recognized in Australia in 1935
Detected in the US in the early 1940’s
Global distribution, except NZ
Obligate, intracellular bacterium, Coxiella burnetii.
Survives for long time in environment
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Q-fever in Animals
• Ruminant infection relatively common
– Decreased reproductive success
– Causes sporadic late term abortions in sheep and goats
• Infected cattle, sheep, and goats shed large numbers of
the organism when they give birth
– Critical route of transmission
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Q Fever in People
• Symptoms in people (within 2-3 weeks)
– Acute: Flu-like symptoms if any
• High fever, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
– Chronic: (<5% of cases)
• Endocarditis, infections of the bone, liver or reproductive
organs, post Q fever fatigue syndrome
– Often unrecognized
• Treated with doxycycline
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Q Fever Outbreak Associated with a
Goat Farm ― Montana and
Washington, 2011
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040a5.htm
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Outbreak Associated with a
Goat Farm―MT and WA, 2011
• Initial detection through private practitioners
• Collaborations during investigation:
– Federal and State
– Animal Health and County Health officials
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Outbreak Associated with a
Goat Farm―MT and WA, 2011
Public Health
Animal Agriculture
• Administered
questionnaires
• Collected human and
environmental
samples
• Collected hundreds of
animal samples
• Worked with owners
of affected flocks to
create management
plans
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Outbreak Associated with a
Goat Farm―MT and WA, 2011
• Tests performed by public health labs and VDLs
• Efforts to better understand the outbreak and
prevent additional human and animal illness are
continuing…
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• Jan-Apr 2011 – abortions in 14 (28%) of 50
pregnant goats in the index herd
• 21 persons from 2 states positive
• 17 goat herds in 3 states positive
Summary
 Domestic and global health challenges such as emerging zoonotic diseases and
issues at the animal-human interface highlight the need for a One Health approach.
 The OH initiative has gained significant traction throughout the U.S. government.
 Our unique experiences, expertise and core capabilities position VS to take an active
leadership role to fill critical One Health gaps.
 APHIS will build upon past successes in safeguarding American agriculture and be
actively engaged in addressing the complex intertwined health relationships between
animals, humans, and our shared environment.
 Establishing and maintaining relationships across sectors is key to successfully
addressing complex One Health issues.
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Questions?
Discussion?
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